Spatio-temporal variability of ecological resources in tropical Africa and its agricultural use

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The main factors that cause variability in agro-ecological conditions in tropical Africa were primarily the variation in parent materials of soils and climatic conditions in a larger scale, whereas in a smaller scale soil erosion as well as organic matter dynamics are considered to be main factors for such variations. The ways of selecting cropland by local farmers were traditionally rather reasonable ones, which corresponded to respective soil fertility indices, as observed in the cases in whole Tanzania or a forest-savanna contact zones in eastern Cameroon. It is necessary, however, to adopt alternative agricultural techniques that can concentrate organic matter resources, N and P to agricultural land.