Human rights protection between private individuals in France

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The central issue for this research project is to reveal that the French ordinary judicial courts apply the constitutional norms not only to conflits between private citizens and public authorities, but also to cases between private individuals.In French labor case law, we can find abundant examples of applications of the equality principle grounded in the constitutional bloc. These simple applications don't always mean that the constitutional principles fill an active role for protection of fundamental rights, but it is obvious that the French ordinary courts regard the constitutionl fundamental rights as applicable in private relations.This research shows also that the old japanese doctrinal question which consists in asking if the constitutional fundamental rights apply to disputes between private individuals does not fit in French context because of diffenrences in the judicial system and that the recent changes, such as the extension of gender parity(la parite) to private sphere and the environmental charter directly imposed to private individuals, support the Constitution as omni-directional norm.