Development of bio-assay system of HTLV-1 infection using xenograft model mice

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HTLV-1 is a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. In the present study, we tried to clarify the mechanism of cell to cell infection and clonal evolution of HTLV-1 infected cells using xenograft model of mice. The HTLV-1 infected cells from asymptomatic carriers survived and proliferated in NOG mice. The HTLV-1 proviral loads were higher when the PBMCs from long-term carriers were inoculated to the mice. Moreover, NOG mice,which received the sera from carriers or neutralizing antibodies, had decreased proviral loads and limited clonal proliferation of HTLV-1 infected cells. These data suggested this mouse model provide the novel information of themechanism of HTLV-1 infection and may be applicable for the risk assessment of ATL development from HTLV-1 carriers.