Making of multi-tolerant plants against complexed acid-soil stresses by molecular modifications of membrane lipid layers

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In order to lower the content of phospholipids and to increase that of sterols in roots, we made the new plants by modification using two different techniques, i.e., culturing method and molecular method: Al-sensitive rice cultivar Koshihikari grown previously under P-deficient conditions and transformed by the overexpressions of PAH (key gene to exchange phospholipids into galactolipids) and HMG (key gene to biosynthesize sterols). Al tolerance and low-Ca tolerance under low pH conditions of P-deficient Al-sensitive Koshihikari were significantly enhanced, and Al tolerance and low-P tolerance of the several lines of the transformed Koshihikari were also enhanced. Among several tens of rice cultivars, low-P tolerant rice cultivar was found out to have a specific characteristics on the decomposition of P-containing metabolites. Several genes contributing to P-recycling ability were identified together with each function.