New approach based on the critical phenomena concept to assess the occurrence time of earthquakes

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It has recently been suggested that the approach of a system to critical state can be estimated by the Natural Time analysis of time series leading to a critical phenomenon. Natural Time is a new concept of time, which assumes that time proceeds only when an event occurs. Critical state can be recognized when a parameter called kappa1, that can be derived through the above analysis, converges to 0.07. In this study, approach to 0.07 was comparatively examined for various known critical phenomena. In investigating the statistical properties of kappa1, we found that its fluctuation in seismicity before the 2011 M9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake exhibited a remarkable variation.