The Formation of Practical Philosophy in Early Modern England: On the Concept of Political Prudence

在这个研究项目中，我研究了近代早期英国实践哲学的形成，同时分析了威廉·坦普尔爵士和哈利法克斯侯爵的政治审慎理念。这项研究揭示了以下四点。(1)坦普尔摒弃抽象的政治理论，探索出一条以经验和常识为基调的温和智慧政府之路。(2)坦普尔注重中庸、宽容的实践哲学是建立在他的文化形成时期的。(3)在邓波儿的学习理论和园林学理论中，可以把握与其政治审慎理念密切相关的内容。(4)在哈利法克斯的思想中，他承认自己是一个修饰者，在他的思想中，与坦普尔一样，贵族的政治审慎概念也得到了充分的包含。

In this research project, I studied the formation of practical philosophy in early modern England, while analyzing the concept of political prudence of Sir William Temple and the Marquis of Halifax. This study revealed the following four points. (1)Temple rejected abstract political theory and groped for a way of moderate and wise government which makes experience and common sense the keynote. (2)The practical philosophy of Temple, who attached great importance to moderation and tolerance, was based on the period of his cultural formation. (3)In the learning theory and garden theory of Temple, close relevance with the concept of his political prudence can be grasped. (4)In the thought of Halifax, who acknowledged himself to be a trimmer, the same aristocratic concept of political prudence as Temple was richly contained.