Elucidation of health determinant structures of housing and regional environment based on cross-lagged effects model

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A total of three questionnaire surveys in 2009, 2011, and 2012, were carried out among the middle-aged and elderly people in the city of Kitakyushu, in order to clarify the respective influence of houses and regional environment, including the various surrounding environments, on residents' health. Cause-and-effect relations were considered through structural equation modeling (SEM) using a cross-lagged effects model and a synchronous effects model. Especially, we investigated longitudinal effects from a "housing and regional environment in 2009" factor to "health in 2011 or 2012" factors. As a result, it turned out that "social environment", which was composed of 'communication among neighbors' and 'community activities', had positive causal relationship to "mental health"