Mechanisms for regulation of bacterial gene to express pathogenicity and excape phagocytic killing in host

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In infectious conditions, both host and bacteria sense each other and alter gene expression. We hypothesized that bacteria change gene transcription pattern to adapt to environmental changes and coexist with host. In this study, we found that lack of bacterial cell wall components induced persistence of bacterial infection by inhibition of phagocytosis by Drosophila macrophages. We observed enhanced expression of bacteria genes coding the sigma factors, a type of subunit of RNA polymerase, and factors of the two-component gene expression regulatory system upon bacterial phagocytosis by macrophages. We characterized these factors in influence of bacterial pathogenicity and found that some of them acted for inhibition of bacterial virulence and persistence in the host.