A novel strategy using radical scavengers against intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in heart, kidney, and brain

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Intermittent hypoxia (IH) relevant to sleep apnea is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study showed that IH increased superoxide production, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine expression in heart and kidney, accelerating histological degeneration due to hypoxic stress. Inhalation of hydrogen (H2) gas improved lipid metabolism and reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, H2 gas improved the deteriorated systolic function in Bio14.6 cardiomyopathic hamster exposed to IH. On the other hand, treatment with celiprolol, a beta 1-selective adrenoreceptor blocker, suppressed blood pressure fluctuation during IH, restored eNOS expression, and attenuated cardiac remodeling caused by IH. Intriguingly, limbic Fos expression was significantly suppressed in obese diabetic mice exposed to IH, associated with sedative and/or depressive behavioral signs, which may related to the neuropsychological disturbances in diabetic patients with sleep apnea.