Electromagnetic response during failure process including pre-phenomenon of gouge-bearing rock

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It has been clarified that the gouge is polarized electrically (SIP: Shear-induced Polarization) by shear deformation. To solve the mechanism of SIP, the time variation of electrolyte concentration was measured in pore water of the kaolinite squeezed out under the compaction loading. The changing manner of the electrolyte concentration depends on the magnitude of compaction load, however, the concentration decreases with time generally. On the other hand, in the large loading cycle, the rapid increasing of the concentration was observed during the primary consolidation. This rapid increasing of the electrolyte concentration is interpreted as result of the collapsing inter-particle bonding of the clay by the shearing. General decreasing of the concentration during the secondary consolidation may be recognized as result of structuring the inter-particle bonding in the clay.