Swimming vesicle driven by artificial flagella

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In the living cellular systems, in order to propel the entities the chemical energy supplied through the medium is transformed to the mechanical energy using a various types of chemical engines. In this research we have investigated the mechanisms of prototypes of the chemical engines from the following two points of view; 1) screw motion of tubular vesicle triggered by chemical stimuli, and 2) asymmetry of the surface energy of vesicle triggered by chemical stimuli. For the former mechanism, we succeeded to reproduce the screw motion of fatty acid vesicles and for the latter mechanism, we found so-called chemophoresis (chemotaxis) of vesicles where neutral vesicles swim toward the source of the chemical stimulus.