Continuous Synthesis of Core-Shell Particles via Precise Control of Nucleation and Growth Processes Using Multiple Flow Reactors

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Silica-gold core-shell particles are a promising material for various applications. They are produced through seed-mediated growth, in which gold nanoparticles are seeded on the core particle surface followed by growth of the gold seeds into a shell. However, synthetic gold nanoshell production is typically a time-consuming batch-type process, and a simple and scalable process remains a challenge. In the present study, we established a continuous flow process for the seed-mediated growth of silica-gold nanoshells by exploiting the excellent mixing performance of a microreactor. In the Au seeding step, we reduced gold ions in the presence of core particles in the microreactor, which enabled one-step flow synthesis of gold-seeded silica particles. Flow shell growth is also realized using the microreactor by selecting an appropriate reductant. We finally connected the microreactors for the seeding and shell growth steps into a sequential flow process to synthesize gold nanoshells.