Black holes in high and low mass bulges and bulge-less galaxies

高质量和低质量核球以及无核球星系中的黑洞

• 批准号: 5449108
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ralf Bender
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-31 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5449108?language=en
• 关键词: Black; holes; low; mass; bulges

This is a project to detect super massive black holes (SMBH) and measure their masses at the centers of galaxies with pseudo-bulges, very low- or high mass bulges or bulge-less galaxies using the NIR spectrograph SINFONI at the ESO VLT with Adaptive Optics. Over the past decade we have learned that probably all ellipticals and bulges contain central SMBH. SMBH masses correlate well with the (luminosities, and therefore stellar) masses of the bulges harboring them, with about 0.15% of the bulge mass being found in the SMBH. In addition, there exists a very strong correlation of SMBH mass with the velocity dispersion of the bulge. With the present project we want to investigate whether these relations remain valid, or how they change, when galaxies with pseudo-bulges, very low- or very high-mass bulges or bulge-less galaxies are considered. These object classes are of particular importance if we want to understand (a) how secular evolution and merging influence the growth of black holes, (b) whether seed black holes may exist in low-σ galaxies, (c) whether high-mass ellipticals have much larger black holes than the rest, therefore explaining the existence of the extremely bright quasars at high redshifts. With our investment of 20 SINFONI nights, at the end of the project we will have measured black holes masses in more than 20 galaxies and be in a position to settle these questions.

这是一个探测超大质量黑洞（SMBH）并测量其质量的项目，该项目使用ESO VLT的近红外光谱仪SINFONI和自适应光学测量具有伪凸起，非常低或高质量凸起或无凸起星系的星系中心。在过去的十年中，我们已经了解到，可能所有的椭圆星系和凸起都含有中心SMBH。SMBH的质量与包含它们的凸起的质量（光度，因此也是恒星的质量）有很好的相关性，大约0.15%的凸起质量在SMBH中被发现。此外，存在着一个很强的相关性SMBH质量与速度分散的隆起。在本项目中，我们想研究这些关系是否仍然有效，或者它们是如何变化的，当考虑具有伪凸起、非常低或非常高质量凸起或无凸起星系时。如果我们想了解（a）长期演化和合并如何影响黑洞的生长，（B）种子黑洞是否可能存在于低σ星系中，（c）高质量椭圆星系的黑洞是否比其他星系大得多，从而解释高红移下极亮类星体的存在，这些天体类就特别重要。通过我们20个SINFONI夜晚的投资，在项目结束时，我们将测量20多个星系中的黑洞质量，并能够解决这些问题。

项目成果

Supermassive black holes do not correlate with galaxy disks or pseudobulges

• DOI: 10.1038/nature09694
• 发表时间: 2011-01
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: J. Kormendy;Ralf Bender;M. Cornell

Supermassive black holes in local galaxies

本地星系中的超大质量黑洞

• DOI: 10.1016/j.crhy.2006.11.005
• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Comptes Rendus Physique
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: R. Bender;R.P. Saglia
• 通讯作者: R.P. Saglia

The supermassive black hole in NGC 4486a detected with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope

甚大望远镜用 SINFONI 探测到 NGC 4486a 中的超大质量黑洞

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11949.x
• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Saglia;Thomas;Bender;Pannella;Gebhardt;Davies
• 通讯作者: Davies

Do black hole masses scale with classical bulge luminosities only? The case of the two composite pseudo-bulge galaxies NGC 3368 and NGC 3489

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16167.x
• 发表时间: 2009-12
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: N. Nowak;Jens Thomas;P. Erwin;R. Saglia;R. Bender;R. Davies

The supermassive black hole of Fornax A

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13960.x
• 发表时间: 2008-09
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: N. Nowak;R. Saglia;J. Thomas;R. Bender;R. Davies;K. G. M. Garching;Usm Munich;U. Austin