Deep Metazoan Phylogeny: Hexapoda/Pterygota

深层后生动物系统发育：六足类/翼类

• 批准号: 5452294
• 负责人: Privatdozentin Dr. Heike Hadrys
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Tierökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-31 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5452294?language=en
• 关键词: Deep; Metazoan; Phylogeny; Hexapoda; Pterygota

Insects are by far the most successful animal group on earth. Radiation of bauplan modifications and ecological adaptations reach an unchallenged diversity. The most influential insect bauplan modifications took place during and after the transition from apterygote to pterygote insects. Key questions (and transitions) relate to: (i) the invention of wings, (ii) the origin of Neoptera (insects with wing flexion) and (iii) the origin of Holometabola (complete metamorphosis). Unfortunately, directions of evolutionary change and locations of important diversification shifts are still elusive since deep phylogenetic relationships between insect orders are not yet resolved. One potential explanation for this situation is that the divergences took place within a limited time frame. This circumstance is accompanied by the major challenge in finding useful molecular markers tracking accurately these short ancient internodes. This project is a combined approach (i) to compile molecular genetic data at different levels of genetic and genomic organization and (ii) to develop and apply new bioinformatics tools and algorithm to improve data analyses and – most important – data quality assessment. A representative sampling of all pterygote infraclasses will be analyzed with a special focus on the most basal orders. Since phylogenetic analyses of traditional single target genes as well as multiple gene alignments have not yet been able to conclusively resolve basal pterygote relationships we will also examine – in addition to multigene EST-approaches - developmental and respiratory genes, complete mitochondrial genomes, and secondary structure morphologies of rRNA genes. This study is part of the DFG priority program “Deep Metazoan Phylogeny”. All data sets of this proposal are generated under the goal to be an integrative part of comparative phylogenetic studies in the (i) Arthropoda and (ii) consequently the Protostomia lineages.

昆虫是迄今为止地球上最成功的动物群。鲍普兰修改和生态适应的辐射达到了无可争议的多样性。最有影响力的昆虫鲍普兰修饰发生在从无翅目昆虫向有翅目昆虫转变期间和之后。关键问题（和转变）涉及：（i）翅膀的发明，（ii）新翅目（翅膀弯曲的昆虫）的起源和（iii）全变态（完全变态）的起源。不幸的是，由于昆虫目之间的深层系统发育关系尚未得到解决，进化变化的方向和重要的多样化转变的位置仍然难以捉摸。对于这种情况的一个可能的解释是，分歧发生在有限的时间内。这种情况伴随着寻找有用的分子标记来准确跟踪这些短的古老节间的重大挑战。 该项目是一种综合方法（i）编译不同水平的遗传和基因组组织的分子遗传数据，以及（ii）开发和应用新的生物信息学工具和算法以改进数据分析以及最重要的数据质量评估。将分析所有翼类下纲的代表性样本，特别关注最基本的目。由于传统单靶基因的系统发育分析以及多基因比对尚未能够最终解决基底翼状体关系，除了多基因 EST 方法外，我们还将检查发育和呼吸基因、完整的线粒体基因组和 rRNA 基因的二级结构形态。这项研究是 DFG 优先计划“深层后生动物系统发育”的一部分。本提案的所有数据集都是在成为 (i) 节肢动物和 (ii) 原口动物谱系比较系统发育研究的综合部分的目标下生成的。