Entrepreneurship through bricolage in times of crisis: A cross-country analysis

通过高质量的结构化文献、文献综述和元分析，我可以为学者提供这种最先进的理解，并设计我的研究策略。首先，我打算通过从旅游和酒店业中小企业的管理观点获得深刻的见解来理解实践中的关键概念。因此，我进行了一些定性的深入访谈，依靠一些选定的中小企业高管的主观感受。这一阶段之后是发展基于验证性调查的证据，通过测试假设来定量评估基本概念之间的关系。本研究以中小企为对象，采用立意抽样及滚雪球抽样方法，进行问卷调查，以挑选主要受访者。日本的T&H中小企业抽样测试提出的假设。向T&H中小企业发放了1200份调查问卷。在2021年的三波数据收集后，我们共收集到314份问卷，其中68份因数据缺失或答案不匹配而被丢弃。因此，最终样本包括246份可用的调查问卷，有效回复率为21.7%。风险管理是一种动态的能力，使T&H中小企业获得竞争优势。这是因为公司必须避免从市场上购买有效的风险管理系统。应考虑到每个组织的独特特点，实施风险管理，因为这些公司可以通过实施和使用风险管理作为一种动态能力来实现竞争优势。

Following high-quality, structured literature, bibliographical review, and meta-analyses, I could provide this state-of-the-art understanding to scholars and design my research strategy. First, I intended to understand the critical concepts in practice by gaining deep insights from the tourism and hospitality SMEs' managerial points of view. Thus, I undertook some qualitative in-depth interviews relying on the subjective perception of a few executives of selected SMEs. This stage was followed by developing confirmatory survey-based evidence to quantitatively evaluate the relationships among the essential concepts by testing hypotheses. A paper-based survey was conducted to target SMEs using purposive and snowball sampling methods for choosing the key informants. Japan's T&H SMEs were sampled to test the proposed hypotheses. One thousand two hundred survey questionnaires were distributed to T&H SMEs. Following three waves of data collection in 2021, we obtained 314 questionnaires, of which 68 were discarded due to missing values or unmatched answers. Thus, the final sample comprised 246 usable survey questionnaires, resulting in an effective response rate of 21.7%. Risk management is a dynamic capability that allows T&H SMEs to gain a competitive advantage. This is because a firm must refrain from purchasing an effective risk management system from the market. It should be implemented considering the unique features of each organization as such firms could achieve competitive advantage via the implementation and use of risk management as a dynamic capability.