Entrepreneurship through bricolage in times of crisis: A cross-country analysis

通过高质量、结构化的文献、参考文献综述和荟萃分析，我可以为学者们提供这种最先进的理解，并设计我的研究策略。首先，我想通过从旅游和酒店中小企业的管理角度获得深刻的见解，了解实践中的关键概念。因此，我根据所选中小企业的少数高管的主观感受，进行了一些定性的深度访谈。这一阶段之后是发展确认性的基于调查的证据，通过检验假设来定量评估基本概念之间的关系。采用有目的和滚雪球抽样的方法选择关键举报人，对中小企业进行了一项基于纸张的调查。以日本的T&H中小企业为样本来检验提出的假设。向技与华中小企业派发了1200份调查问卷。在2021年的三波数据收集中，我们获得了314份问卷，其中68份因缺失值或答案不匹配而被丢弃。因此，最终样本包括246份可用的调查问卷，有效回复率为21.7%。风险管理是一种动态的能力，可以使T&H中小企业获得竞争优势。这是因为企业必须避免从市场上购买有效的风险管理系统。它的实施应该考虑到每个组织的独特特征，因为这样的公司可以通过实施和使用风险管理作为一种动态能力来获得竞争优势。

Following high-quality, structured literature, bibliographical review, and meta-analyses, I could provide this state-of-the-art understanding to scholars and design my research strategy. First, I intended to understand the critical concepts in practice by gaining deep insights from the tourism and hospitality SMEs' managerial points of view. Thus, I undertook some qualitative in-depth interviews relying on the subjective perception of a few executives of selected SMEs. This stage was followed by developing confirmatory survey-based evidence to quantitatively evaluate the relationships among the essential concepts by testing hypotheses. A paper-based survey was conducted to target SMEs using purposive and snowball sampling methods for choosing the key informants. Japan's T&H SMEs were sampled to test the proposed hypotheses. One thousand two hundred survey questionnaires were distributed to T&H SMEs. Following three waves of data collection in 2021, we obtained 314 questionnaires, of which 68 were discarded due to missing values or unmatched answers. Thus, the final sample comprised 246 usable survey questionnaires, resulting in an effective response rate of 21.7%. Risk management is a dynamic capability that allows T&H SMEs to gain a competitive advantage. This is because a firm must refrain from purchasing an effective risk management system from the market. It should be implemented considering the unique features of each organization as such firms could achieve competitive advantage via the implementation and use of risk management as a dynamic capability.