Entrepreneurship through bricolage in times of crisis: A cross-country analysis

在高质量、结构化的文献、书目回顾和元分析之后，我可以向学者提供这种最先进的理解，并设计我的研究策略。首先，我打算通过从旅游和酒店业中小企业的管理角度获得深入的见解来理解实践中的关键概念。因此，我根据选定的几家中小企业高管的主观感受，进行了一些定性的深度访谈。在这一阶段之后，开发基于验证性调查的证据，通过检验假设来定量评估基本概念之间的关系。一项以纸面为基础的调查以中小企业为目标，使用目的性抽样和滚雪球抽样的方法来选择关键信息来源。以日本T&H中小企业为样本，对所提出的假设进行了检验。向T&H中小企业发放了1,200份调查问卷。经过2021年的三次数据收集，我们获得了314份问卷，其中68份因值缺失或答案不匹配而被丢弃。因此，最终样本包括246份可用调查问卷，有效回复率为21.7%。风险管理是使T&H中小企业获得竞争优势的动态能力。这是因为公司必须避免从市场上购买有效的风险管理系统。它的实施应考虑到每个组织的独特特点，因为这些公司可以通过将风险管理作为一种动态能力来实施和使用，从而获得竞争优势。

Following high-quality, structured literature, bibliographical review, and meta-analyses, I could provide this state-of-the-art understanding to scholars and design my research strategy. First, I intended to understand the critical concepts in practice by gaining deep insights from the tourism and hospitality SMEs' managerial points of view. Thus, I undertook some qualitative in-depth interviews relying on the subjective perception of a few executives of selected SMEs. This stage was followed by developing confirmatory survey-based evidence to quantitatively evaluate the relationships among the essential concepts by testing hypotheses. A paper-based survey was conducted to target SMEs using purposive and snowball sampling methods for choosing the key informants. Japan's T&H SMEs were sampled to test the proposed hypotheses. One thousand two hundred survey questionnaires were distributed to T&H SMEs. Following three waves of data collection in 2021, we obtained 314 questionnaires, of which 68 were discarded due to missing values or unmatched answers. Thus, the final sample comprised 246 usable survey questionnaires, resulting in an effective response rate of 21.7%. Risk management is a dynamic capability that allows T&H SMEs to gain a competitive advantage. This is because a firm must refrain from purchasing an effective risk management system from the market. It should be implemented considering the unique features of each organization as such firms could achieve competitive advantage via the implementation and use of risk management as a dynamic capability.