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The relationship between neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in the context of historic and present land use and landscape structure - GENLAND

历史和当前土地利用和景观结构背景下中性和适应性遗传多样性之间的关系 - GENLAND

基本信息

批准号：
61191302
负责人：
Dr. Walter Durka
金额：
--
依托单位：
Department Biozönoseforschung
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Infrastructure Priority Programmes
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2007-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/61191302?language=en
关键词：
relationship between neutral adaptive genetic

项目摘要

Land use strongly affects population structure and evolutionary potential of plants and can influence plant genetic diversity by affecting neutral processes as well as quantitative traits. Rare plants are expected to suffer more from genetic drift than common plants, which may affect both neutral and adaptive variation. In addition to genetic process, epigenetic variation may affect phenotypic variation, but has rarely been characterized in natural populations. This follow-up project explores these issues using several approaches. Firstly, we will test whether land use influences genetic diversity of plant species differently depending on species’ abundance by determining genetic diversity and population structure both of neutral markers and quantitative traits of rare species complementary to the common species included in the first phase of the project. Here we also take a historical perspective to determine the role of historic and present land use. Secondly, we compare neutral and quantitative genetic variation in plants to determine whether land use affects selectively neutral processes differently compared to adaptive processes. Moreover, we use a genome scan approach to identify AFLP markers that putatively have been subject to natural selection. Thirdly, we will quantify epigenetic variation in parallel to neutral and quantitative genetic variation. While the potential of epigenetic variation for ecology and microevolution has been proven, the assessment of its relative role in non model species in natural settings is largely lacking. Therefore, we assess methylation polymorphisms across hierarchical levels. Overall, the project will allow testing the role of present and historic land use on neutral and adaptive genetic and epigenetic diversity with regard to species’ abundance.

土地利用强烈影响植物种群结构和进化潜力，并通过影响中性过程和数量性状影响植物遗传多样性。稀有植物比普通植物更容易受到遗传漂变的影响，这可能会影响中性和适应性变异。除了遗传过程外，表观遗传变异也可能影响表型变异，但很少在自然群体中被表征。这个后续项目使用几种方法探讨了这些问题。首先，我们将通过确定第一期项目中与常见物种互补的稀有物种的中性标记和数量性状的遗传多样性和种群结构，来检验土地利用对植物物种遗传多样性的影响是否会因物种丰度的不同而不同。在这里，我们也采取历史的角度来确定历史和现在的土地利用的作用。其次，我们比较了植物中性和定量遗传变异，以确定与适应性过程相比，土地利用对选择性中性过程的影响是否不同。此外，我们使用基因组扫描方法来鉴定AFLP标记，这些标记被认为是自然选择的产物。第三，我们将量化表观遗传变异与中性遗传变异和定量遗传变异并行。虽然表观遗传变异对生态学和微进化的潜力已经得到证实，但对其在自然环境下非模式物种中的相对作用的评估在很大程度上是缺乏的。因此，我们评估跨层次的甲基化多态性。总体而言，该项目将允许测试当前和历史土地利用对物种丰富度的中性和适应性遗传和表观遗传多样性的作用。