Plant trait variation and evolution in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning context

生物多样性生态系统功能背景下的植物性状变异和进化

• 批准号: 432656585
• 负责人: Dr. Walter Durka
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Plant Ecology
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/432656585?language=en
• 关键词: Plant; trait; variation; evolution; biodiversity

The role of evolutionary processes for plant species responses to plant community diversity, plant history and soil history is discussed as a possible mechanism explaining the maintenance of biodiversity and the strengthening of biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning over time. However, so far the potential of evolutionary processes for increased biodiversity effects has barely been studied in long-term experiments. In this subproject we will focus on evolutionary responses of plant species, which should be measurable in the phenotype and at the molecular level to pursue the following objectives: (1) We will test if phenotypic responses are heritable and adaptive to local plant community diversity, plant and soil history, or if they reflect adaptive phenotypic plasticity due to differences in the actual growth environment. (2) We will analyze how within-species variation in phenotypic trait expression is related to genetic and epigenetic differences. (3) We will assess whether epigenetic variation is mainly under genetic control or to what extent patterns of epigenetic differentiation are reversible under different environmental conditions or result from heritable epigenetic differentiation. First, we will conduct a phytometer experiment with eight plant species to test for adaptive phenotypic responses to plant community diversity, plant history and soil history. We will transplant the offspring of seed families collected in the 17-year old plant communities of the Field Experiment to their origin environments "with plant history, with soil history" and in environments "without plant history, with soil history" and "without plant history, without soil history" of the same plot. Second, we will use genotypes of the model species Plantago lanceolata with a selection history in low- and high-diversity communities over nine years as phytometers in the Ecotron Experiment. We will test if genotypes show adaptive phenotypic plasticity and epigenetic variation in response to the actual environment (with different plant community diversity, plant and soil history). Third, we will quantify evolutionary changes in response to plant diversity at the genetic, epigenetic and phenotypic level using the apomictic model species Taraxacum officinale. In a common garden, we will grow offspring of seed families collected after 17 years selection history and after five years of selection history in the Field Experiment as well as offspring from the seeds used for the initial sowing of the Jena Experiment in 2002 (no selection history). We will assess genetic and epigenetic variation and measure phenotypic traits of the offspring as well as of the mother individuals in the Field Experiment. Together, these experiments will contribute to a more thorough understanding of how biodiversity influences evolutionary processes.

植物物种对植物群落多样性、植物历史和土壤历史的反应的进化过程的作用被讨论为解释生物多样性的维持和生物多样性对生态系统功能的影响随时间的推移而加强的可能机制。然而，迄今为止，几乎没有在长期实验中研究进化过程对增加生物多样性影响的潜力。在这个子项目中，我们将集中在植物物种的进化反应，这应该是在表型和分子水平上可测量的追求以下目标：（1）我们将测试表型反应是否是遗传和适应当地植物群落多样性，植物和土壤的历史，或者如果他们反映了适应性表型可塑性由于实际生长环境的差异。(2)我们将分析表型性状表达的种内变异如何与遗传和表观遗传差异相关。(3)我们将评估表观遗传变异是否主要受遗传控制，或者在不同的环境条件下表观遗传分化的模式在多大程度上是可逆的，或者是可遗传的表观遗传分化的结果。首先，我们将进行一个植物生长计实验，用八种植物来测试适应性表型对植物群落多样性、植物历史和土壤历史的反应。我们将在田间试验的17年生植物群落中收集的种子家族的后代移植到它们的起源环境“有植物历史，有土壤历史”和在同一地块的环境“没有植物历史，有土壤历史”和“没有植物历史，没有土壤历史”。第二，我们将使用模式物种车前草的基因型与选择历史在低和高多样性的社区超过九年的生态实验中的phytometers。我们将测试基因型是否表现出适应性表型可塑性和表观遗传变异，以响应实际环境（不同的植物群落多样性，植物和土壤历史）。第三，我们将量化的进化变化，在遗传，表观遗传和表型水平上的植物多样性的无融合生殖模式种蒲公英。在一个共同的花园中，我们将种植17年选择历史后收集的种子家族的后代和田间实验中5年选择历史后收集的后代，以及2002年耶拿实验（无选择历史）首次播种所用种子的后代。我们将评估遗传和表观遗传变异，并测量后代的表型性状，以及在田间实验的母亲个人。总之，这些实验将有助于更全面地了解生物多样性如何影响进化过程。