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Rapid evolution in novel environments: a multispecies approach

新环境中的快速进化：多物种方法

基本信息

批准号：
364264207
负责人：
Dr. Walter Durka
金额：
--
依托单位：
Arbeitsgruppe Naturschutzbiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/364264207?language=en
关键词：
Rapid evolution novel environments multispecies

项目摘要

One of the main issues in the current conservation science is whether organisms will be able to adapt to the rapidly changing environment. This is especially valid for plants, because their ability to migrate is limited. To predict plant adaptation, we need to understand contemporary evolution. We have relatively good knowledge on rapid evolution of several model plants, but for a general picture, we need information across large number of non-model plant species.Here, we propose a project focused on rapid evolution in 20 common grassland species. We will take advantage of German system of native plant cultivation for seeds for ecosystem restoration projects. Seeds of many native species are collected in wild populations, sown to monoculture on a specialized farms and harvested seeds are then partly sold, partly used for establishing the next generation cultivation. The process is repeated over five consecutive generations. In the cultivation, the wild plants face novel environment and they likely adapt to it. Propagation of seeds for restoration purposes thus represents an unintended large scale evolutionary experiment.We will use seeds stored in an archive of a seed producing company. We will grow plants from seeds of five consecutive generations (from wild collections to fourth cultivation generation) in a common garden, side by side. As these plants will all experience the same environmental conditions, this will allow us to compare heritable phenotypes, and thus to infer evolutionary changes that may have taken place across generations. Specifically, we will (1) assess and compare the magnitude and strength of evolutionary changes after transfer to the novel environment (cultivation) across many species, (2) test whether similar selection pressures lead to the selection of similar phenotypes and (3) test, across multiple species, whether there are general evolutionary trade-offs between selection in cultivation and important adaptations to other environments, in particular tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. To address the goals, we will use a series of common garden experiments and analysis of molecular markers.Overall, the project will allow to assess the evolutionary potential and speed of evolution in many native wild grassland species which is both important for a basic understanding of rapid evolution and at the same time relevant for conservation management strategies. Furthermore the project will potentially identify critical steps and trade-offs in the cultivation of wild species.

当前保护科学的主要问题之一是生物是否能够适应快速变化的环境。这对植物尤其有效，因为它们的迁移能力是有限的。为了预测植物的适应性，我们需要了解当代的进化。我们对几种模式植物的快速进化有较好的了解，但为了获得一个整体的图景，我们需要大量非模式植物物种的信息。我们将利用德国本土植物种植系统为生态系统恢复项目提供种子。许多本地物种的种子在野生种群中收集，在专门的农场播种，然后收获的种子部分出售，部分用于建立下一代种植。这个过程连续五代重复。在栽培过程中，野生植物面临着新的环境，它们可能会适应它。因此，为了恢复目的而繁殖种子是一种意想不到的大规模进化实验。我们将使用种子生产公司档案中储存的种子。我们将在一个共同的花园里，并排种植连续五代（从野生收集到第四代栽培）的种子。由于这些植物都将经历相同的环境条件，这将使我们能够比较可遗传的表型，从而推断可能发生在几代人之间的进化变化。具体而言，我们将（1）评估和比较转移到新环境后进化变化的幅度和强度（2）测试相似的选择压力是否导致相似表型的选择，以及（3）测试，跨多个物种，在栽培中的选择和对其他环境的重要适应之间是否存在一般的进化权衡，特别是对生物和非生物胁迫耐受性。为了实现这一目标，我们将使用一系列常见的园林实验和分子标记分析。总的来说，该项目将允许评估许多原生野生草原物种的进化潜力和进化速度，这对于基本了解快速进化都很重要，同时与保护管理策略相关。此外，该项目还可能确定野生物种种植的关键步骤和权衡。