1. The archaeology of the Tayma oasis: Continuity and change of subsistence strategies in the arid NW of the Arabian Peninsula from the Neolithic to Islam2. Water management in the historical oasis of Tayma

1. 泰玛绿洲的考古学：阿拉伯半岛西北干旱地区从新石器时代到伊斯兰教生存策略的延续与变化2。

• 批准号: 63608405
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ricardo Eichmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Labor für Siedlungswasserwirtschaft und Abfalltechnik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/63608405?language=en
• 关键词: 1.; archaeology; Tayma; oasis; Continuity

Long-standing interdisciplinary research at the ancient oasis of Tayma resulted in a substantial reassessment of Northwest Arabia as dynamic zone of cultural contacts. Oasis cultivation, according to archaeobotanic data, started at around 4.200 BC, favored by the availability of groundwater, one of the factors sustaining the oasis and its connectedness for millennia. At least by the end of the 3rd millennium BC Tayma had close connections with the leading political and economic agents within the region, i.e. Egypt, Syro-Mesopotamia and the Levant. The Arabian Peninsula continuously provided important resources. Tayma reached its largest extent in pre-modern times (9.2 sq.km) long before the end of the 2nd millennium BC, before developing into a central place on the so-called Incense Road. Whereas 1st millennium BC historical reconstructions of Tayma had been dominated by Assyrian, Babylonian or Biblical sources, the new archaeological evidence offers a more refined picture of an oasis whose ancient center continued to be settled until the early Byzantine period, before being abandoned.The main goal of the long-term investigation is the archaeological exploration of the oasis settlement at Tayma and its environmental settings in the frame of continuously changing ecological contexts and the results of human activities. Of special interest are solutions and innovations as part of culture, which are related to the implementation of different subsistence strategies and of pertaining risk-management. (Application for long-term funding, 2007, p. 16) The research aims of the project are embedded in five central core areas. The data originating from this research is currently under study for subsequent publication:1. Obtaining settlement and environmental data2. Social structures and lifestyles3. External cultural relations (social, economic, political)4. Study of data and archive work on the documentation; Geographic Information System (GIS)5. Continuation of the publication program. The hydrological sub-project investigates the development of water management at Tayma since the Chalcolithic period from an archaeo- and palaeo-hydrological perspective in the context of changing environmental conditions. Artesian ground-water caused the emergence and continuous existence of the oasis which, today, is located in an area of hyper-arid climatic conditions. Investigation into the hydro-geological setting and hydro-technical contexts has not only facilitated the identification and localization of water resources, but will allow for reconstructions of its utilization, especially in relation to specific types of water management. In this context, the yield of water and the demand of different types of use need to be further investigated.

在古老的塔伊马绿洲进行的长期跨学科研究导致了对阿拉伯西北部作为文化接触动态区域的重大重新评估。根据考古植物学数据，绿洲种植始于公元前4200年左右，受到地下水的青睐，这是维持绿洲及其连通性数千年的因素之一。至少在公元前3000年末，泰玛与该地区的主要政治和经济力量，即埃及、叙利亚-美索不达米亚和黎凡特，有着密切的联系。阿拉伯半岛不断提供重要的资源。泰马在公元前2000年结束之前很久就达到了前现代的最大程度（9.2 sq.km），然后发展成为所谓的香路的中心。虽然公元前一千年的泰马历史重建一直由亚述，巴比伦或圣经来源主导，但新的考古证据提供了一个更精致的绿洲，其古老的中心一直持续到拜占庭早期。在被遗弃之前。长期的主要目标-长期调查是在不断变化的生态背景和结果的框架内对泰马绿洲定居点及其环境背景进行的考古探索人类活动。特别令人感兴趣的是作为文化一部分的解决办法和创新，这与执行不同的生存战略和相关的风险管理有关。（长期资助申请，2007年，第16页）该项目的研究目标包含在五个核心领域。来自这项研究的数据目前正在研究中，以便随后发表：1。获取沉降和环境数据2.社会结构和生活方式3.对外文化关系（社会、经济、政治）4.研究文献资料的数据和档案工作;地理信息系统（GIS）5.继续出版计划。水文分项目从环境条件不断变化的背景下的考古和古水文学角度调查自铜石时代以来Tayma水管理的发展情况。干旱的地下水导致了绿洲的出现和持续存在，今天，绿洲位于极端干旱的气候条件下。对水文地质背景和水文技术背景的调查不仅有助于查明水资源并确定其位置，而且还将有助于重建水资源的利用，特别是与特定类型的水管理有关的利用。在这方面，需要进一步调查水的产量和不同用途的需求。