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New Framework of the Legal System for Intellectual Property : Approach from Economics of Information

知识产权法律体系的新框架:信息经济学的方法

基本信息

批准号：
08831001
负责人：
MATSUMURA Yosyiyuki
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Hokkaido University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

First, production of information is to be under-optimal due to its external economy. Contemporary degital technology has made it difficult to exclude free riders. Second, to establish right of information as a variety of property right may bring about monopoly because to establish intellectual property right means a economic barrier for new comers to the market. Under the monopoly, production of information is under-optimal and its price increases. Third, the contemporary legal system on intellectual property has borrowed legal concepts and legal technique from law of property. They are not compatible with economic nature of information. Fourth, in order to internalize external economy of information and in order to establish the new legal framework of information, simply to deter and to regulate illegal conduct is more compatible with the economic nature of information than to establish intellectual property right as a species of property right. Therefore, law of intellectual property and anti-trust law should be integrated in terms of regulation of illegal human conduct. Fifth, in order to establish the legal framework of information, to minimize transactin cost is important. It means that the analysis of law enforcement is meaningful. Considering the incentive to deter reproduction, private enforcement is more efficient than public enforcement, that is, criminal procedure, in terms of minimizing monitoring cost. Six, to compare injunction with damages as means for remedy, their efficiency depends on distribution of bargaining power and distribution of search cost among the parties and the adjudicator.

第一，信息的生产由于其外部经济性而处于最优状态。现代数字技术已经很难排除搭便车的现象。第二，信息权作为一种产权形式的确立可能会导致垄断，因为知识产权的确立意味着对新进入者的经济壁垒。在垄断下，信息的生产不是最优的，信息的价格也会上涨。第三，现代知识产权法律的制度借鉴了物权法的法律的概念和法律的技术。它们与信息的经济性质不相容。第四，为了使信息的外部经济内部化，为了建立新的信息法律的框架，单纯地对违法行为进行威慑和规制，比将知识产权确立为一种财产权更符合信息的经济本质。因此，知识产权法与反垄断法在规制人的违法行为时应进行整合。第五，为了建立信息法律的框架，最小化交易成本是重要的。这意味着对执法的分析是有意义的。考虑到阻止再生产的动机，私人执行比公共执行，即刑事诉讼，在最大限度地减少监督成本方面更有效。第六，禁令与损害赔偿作为救济手段相比，其效率取决于当事人与裁判者之间的谈判力分配和搜寻成本分配。