幼児における信念を理解する能力とエピソード記憶との発達的関係

幼儿理解信念的能力与情景记忆之间的发展关系

• 批准号: 08710041
• 负责人: 小松 美加
• 金额: $ 0.51万
• 依托单位: Joetsu University of Education
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Encouragement of Young Scientists (A)
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08710041/
• 关键词: 幼児; 心の理論; 誤信念; エピソード記憶; 再認

実験は,3,4,5,6歳児各々51,75,69,23名の計218人が個別に参加した。まず,被験児が他者や自分が抱いている誤信念を理解しているか否かを検査するため,2種類の見せかけの外観課題を施行した。次に,被験児が知識の起源を理解できるかを検査するために,トンネルの中においたものの性質を知るにはその対象物を見る必要があるのか触る必要があるのかを判断させるトンネル課題を4つ施行した。さらに,この心の理論課題の前後に,有意味な線画と無意味図形の各15項目からなる2種類の記憶材料のリストが,各被験児に対して提示された。有意味線画では描かれた具象物の名前を答えさせた。この2つの心の理論課題,2種類の記憶材料の学習ののち約7日後に,先に学習した線画と無意味図形の各15個の旧項目をそれぞれ同数の新項目と混ぜて提示し,被験児に各々の絵もしくは図形を前に見たか否かを判断させる形で,2種類の記憶材料の再認検査が行われた。最後に,各被験児に対して絵画語彙発達調査を施行し,言語年齢が測定された。分析の結果,2種類の見せかけ外観課題における他音の誤信念の理解は,生後4歳以降に発達すること,自己の誤信念の理解は,他者の誤信念の理解よりも幼児にとっては困難であることが示された。また,トンネル課題における知識の起源の理解は,たとえ5歳になっても完全には発達していないことが明らかになった。さらに,記憶材料の相違に関わらず,エピソード的な再認記憶と心の理論課題の遂行との間に有意な相関が認められた。しかし,記憶遂行と言語年齢の部分相関を取り除くと,記憶と心の理論課題との相関は有意とはならなかった。従って,幼児の心の理論の発達は,エピソード記憶の発達と関連していることが示唆された。しかしこの結果が,言語発達など一般的な認知発達の要因を除いても得られるのかという点については,今後さらに検討を要する課題である。

A total of 218 people participated in the training session, and each of them was divided into 51pm and 51pm. In this case, the other person has the wrong belief to understand whether the error is correct or not, and the two types of information are related to the implementation of foreign issues. For the second time, it is necessary to know that it is necessary to make a decision that it is necessary to judge that it is necessary to make a decision that it is necessary to know that it is necessary to do so. Before and after the discussion, it means that there are 15 items in each project, which means that each of the 15 items has been prompted by each of the following items. It means "painting", "drawing", "having an image" before the name "answer". In this paper, we will discuss the theoretical topic, 2 years later, about 7 days later, after 7 days, we will learn about the drawing of 15 old projects, 15 old projects, and the same number of new projects as a mix of hints, and have been asked whether or not to determine the shape of each project, and then confirm the data of the same number of new projects. At the end of the day, each of them was drawn and put into practice, saying that they would be tested every year. The results of the analysis showed that the two types of foreign language problems did not have a sound error belief understanding, and they achieved a complete understanding of their own error beliefs at the end of 4 years after birth. Other people have wrong beliefs to understand that they are suffering from childhood problems. Please understand the origin of your knowledge. You will understand the origin of your knowledge. You will understand the origin of your knowledge. Please note that the materials are in good agreement with each other, and the theoretical problems in the field of theory are in line with your intention. Please remember that some of the words and phrases of the year have been deleted, and you have made a note of your heart and mind. You have the intention to do so. In the early childhood, the theory of the heart has reached its conclusion, and the record of the child has reached its conclusion. According to the results of the final results, it is said that the general knowledge of the situation is that it is necessary to get rid of the situation, so that you will have to do so in the future.