Developing new teaching materials to show the influences of Ultraviolet radiation on organisms for environmental education

开发新教材展示紫外线对生物体的影响，以进行环境教育

• 批准号: 09680205
• 负责人: MATSUDA Hitoshi
• 金额: $ 0.64万
• 依托单位: Osaka Prefectural Education Center
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09680205/
• 关键词: Ultraviolet-radiation; Photoreactivation; Banana-pericarp; Yeast; duckweed (Spirodela); Drosophila; Xenopus; Environmental education; アフリカツメガエル; 教材開発; 紫外線; 致死効果; オゾンの効果

Stratospheric ozone depletion is a concern because the ozone layer in the stratosphere keeps 95-99% of the suns ultraviolet(UV) radiation from striking the earth. A number of consequences can result from increased levels of 1W striking the earth, including : genetic damage, eye damages and damage to marine life.To make students understand these rerelationships scientifically, we schemed out following methods in experiments, In the all experiments , we used a 1OW UV lamp(germicidal lamp) to apply UV light at 30cm.1. The pericarp of banana changed its yellow color to brown when it had received UV radiation for 2-3 minutes followed keeping in a dark room. This color change is available for the estimation of UV radiation. The tranamission factor of several materials for the UV radiation was studied by covering the surface of banana with the test materials.2. The one minute UV irradiation coused death in 99% of yeast cells, but the photorecovery was observed in the dying process. Using yeast cells as a material we can treat the potorecovery quantitatively.3. The thallus of duckweed (Spirodela punctata) was suppressed its growth by more than 20 min irrdiation of UV.The attacked thalluses lost its chlorophyl color gradually, and became white in color within a few days after the irradiation.4. In ampibian embryos (Xenopus laevis), UV irradiation over 50 minuts caused their abnormal cleavage, and then the living rate of them decreased at 36 hr after the irradiation. According to the prolongation of irradiation time, in the living embryos, the rate of embryos which developed abnormal form were increased.5. We made protocol of practical approach with the aspect of biological protection mechanism for (UV) radiation, and evaluate the importance to our environment and environment education.

平流层臭氧消耗是一个值得关注的问题，因为平流层中的臭氧层阻止了95-99%的太阳紫外线（UV）辐射照射地球。1 W照射地球的强度增加会导致许多后果，包括：遗传损伤、眼睛损伤和海洋生物损伤。为了让学生科学地理解这些相互关系，我们设计了以下实验方法：在所有实验中，我们使用10 W紫外灯（杀菌灯），在30厘米处照射紫外光。香蕉果皮经紫外线照射2-3分钟后，在暗室中贮藏，果皮由黄色变为棕色。这种颜色变化可用于紫外辐射的估计。通过香蕉表面覆盖试验材料，研究了几种材料对紫外辐射的透射因子.紫外线照射1分钟可使99%的酵母细胞死亡，但在死亡过程中有光恢复现象。以酵母细胞为材料，可以对光回收率进行定量处理.紫外线照射20 min以上，可明显抑制斑点浮萍（Spirospunctata）叶状体的生长，受攻击的叶状体逐渐失去叶绿素颜色，并在照射后几天内变为白色.非洲爪蟾胚胎经紫外线照射50分钟以上后，出现异常卵裂，36小时后存活率下降。随着辐照时间的延长，活胚中出现畸形胚的比例也随之增加.从紫外线辐射生物防护机制的角度，制定了实用的方案，并评价了其对我国环境和环境教育的重要性。