Morpho-functional study of nitric oxide synthase-positive neurons in the brain stem that are involved in oral sensori-motor function.

表达神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）或烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸二磷酸酶（NADPH-d）的神经元被认为可以根据需要产生一氧化氮（NO）。NADPH-d活性和空间分布通过神经损伤和wga - hrp标记的口内和口周传入神经中枢末梢野进行组织化学表征。在尾侧亚核（SpVc）中，大多数标记神经元位于浅表区，少数标记神经元位于大细胞区。SpVo/Sn和背内侧SpVc的nadph -d阳性神经元主要与舌神经经神经节标记的终末区重叠，部分与下肺泡神经、精神神经和鼓室索神经的终末区重叠。当舌神经横断时，双侧SpVo/Sn中nadph -d阳性神经元数量有统计学意义的减少。舌神经和/或牙髓的炎症损伤显著增加了SpVo/Sn和SpVc中nadph -d阳性神经元的数量。因此，SpVo/Sn和SpVc中的nadph -d阳性神经元可以接受来自口腔内结构特别是舌头的初级传入输入并受其调节。神经横断后原代神经元表达的nNOS活性参与神经再生。因为全身给予l -硝基精氨酸甲酯（L-NAME； NOS阻滞剂）可减少进入牙髓的再生下牙槽神经的数量。后足垫注射完全弗氏佐剂（CFA）可引起长达一周以上的痛觉过敏。注射CFA 3 d后L4-5背角NADPH-d或nos阳性神经元数量增加。L-NAME减少佐剂可引起长时间的热痛觉过敏，但不能引起正常的痛觉和急性痛觉过敏。因此，脊髓背角一氧化氮的增加可能与痛觉过敏的维持和/或病理性伤害感觉的延长有关。少

Neurons that express neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) are considered to produce nitric oxide (NO) on demand. NADPH-d activity and the spatial distribution were characterized histochemically with nerve insults and the WGA-HRP-labeled central terminal fields from the intra- and peri-oral afferents. In the subnucleus caudalis (SpVc), most labeled neurons were in the superficial zone, and smaller numbers were in the magnocellular zone. The NADPH-d-positive neurons in the SpVo/Sn and the dorsomedial SpVc overlapped mostly with the transganglionically labeled terminal field from the lingual nerve, partly with the terminal field from the inferior alveolar, mental and chorda tympani nerves. A statistically significant reduction in the number of NADPH-d-positive neurons was seen bilaterally in SpVo/Sn when the lingual nerve was transected. Inflammatory insults to the lingual nerve and/or tooth pulps significantly increased … More the number of NADPH-d-positive neurons in SpVo/Sn, and SpVc. Thus NADPH-d-positive neurons in the SpVo/Sn and SpVc could receive and be regulated by primary afferent inputs from intra-oral structures especially from the tongue. Activity of nNOS that expressed in primary neurons after nerve transection is involved in nerve regeneration. Because systemic administration of L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NOS blocker) decreased the number of regenerated inferior alveolar nerve into the tooth pulp. Injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into hind foot pad induces prolonged hyperalgesia for more than one week. Three days after injection of CFA the number of NADPH-d or NOS-positive neurons increased in the L4-5 dorsal horn. Administration of L-NAME reduced adjuvant induced prolonged thermal hyperalgesia but not normal nociception and acute hyperalgesia. Thus increased NO in the spinal dorsal horn could be involved in maintenance of hyperalgesia and/or prolonged pathological nociception. Less