Modelling climate change impacts on yield and quality of crops based on leaf photosynthesis with acclimation to elevated CO2

基于叶子光合作用和适应二氧化碳浓度升高来模拟气候变化对作物产量和质量的影响

• 批准号: 82511217
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Eckart Priesack
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Bodenökologie (IBOE) (aufgelöst)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/82511217?language=en
• 关键词: Modelling; climate; change; impacts; yield

Predicted changes in average values of climate factors (increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, increased temperature, altered precipitation patterns) and predicted changes in climatic variability (frequencies, duration and degree of extremes such as heat and frost periods, droughts, floods and storms) will impact on the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Whereas effects of many of these climatic factors on primary production of agricultural crops have been investigated, little is known about the impact on the chemical composition of plant biomass. Even less is known about how to model and simulate climatic effects on the plant internal transport and transformation processes of chemicals (i.e. macro- and micro-nutrients, sugars, starch, phenolics) that determine crop quality parameters (e.g. carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of grains). Such process knowledge is necessary to predict the quality of future crop yields. The project P5, therefore, will develop and test a new crop growth model based on improved sub-models of leaf photosynthesis and resource allocation dynamics. The model focus will be on the acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO2 concentrations which leads inter alia to lower leaf N contents and higher C/N ratios of grains. The new sub-models will extend the crop models CERES, SPASS, SUCROS and GECROS that are part of the agro-ecosystem model Expert-N.

气候因素平均值的预测变化（大气CO2浓度增加、温度升高、降水模式改变）和气候变异性的预测变化（酷热期和霜冻期、干旱、洪水和风暴等极端事件的频率、持续时间和程度）将影响农作物的产量和质量。虽然许多这些气候因素对农作物初级生产的影响已经调查，很少有人知道的影响植物生物量的化学成分。对于如何模拟和模拟气候对植物内部化学品（即宏量和微量营养素、糖、淀粉、酚类物质）的运输和转化过程的影响，所知更少，这些化学品决定作物质量参数（例如谷物的碳氮比）。这种过程知识对于预测未来作物产量的质量是必要的。因此，项目P5将在改进的叶片光合作用和资源分配动态子模型的基础上开发和测试新的作物生长模型。该模型的重点将是光合作用的驯化，以提高CO2浓度，从而导致除其他外，降低叶片氮含量和较高的C/N比的谷物。新的子模型将扩展作为农业生态系统模型Expert-N一部分的CERES、SPASS、SUCROS和GECROS作物模型。