Gene engineering on the control of ethylene biosynthesis in apple fruit.

ACC合成基因（Md-ACS 1）的线索，其中的转录和翻译产品已被识别为在生产苹果中，被孤立于苹果公司的基因组图书馆“金色美味”。该等位基因的预测编码区域（ACS 1 -2）显示了ACS 1 -1对应区域的7个核苷酸变体，结果仅在一种氨基酸转换中。A162 bp序列特征化为一个短的交错重复元件（SINE）反向转运子插入ACS 1 -2的5'闪烁区域对应于ACS 1 -1中的位置-781。XhoI站点位于ACS 1 -2预编码区域的3'端附近，被反向转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）产品丢弃，在“金色美味”水果的ACS 1 -1 occurs中发现了独家转录。DNA gel blot and PCR analyses of genomic DNAS showed clearly that apple cultivars were either heterozygous for ACS1-1 and ACS1-2 or homozygous for each type。 ... More 对ACS 1 -2同源的“富士”苹果的RNA凝胶印迹分析，生产的是少量的乙烯，而且储存寿命很长，证明了ACS 1 2在应用阶段非常低的转录水平。苹果品种可以分类为三个组，它们对ACS 1 -1和ACS 1 -2等位基因具有异质性或同源性。我们在对基因型的35个苹果文化的气候水果中进行了测量（IEC）。用于ACS1- 1的homozygous cultivars exhibited much lower IECs than cultivars homozygous or heterozygous for ACS1-1。Furthermore，F-D21 -2 homozygous progeny derived from crosses between heterozygous cultivars fruited with a very low IEC。这些结果与先前的数据缺失在不同的分类中被标记为ACS 1 -2的数据缺失。由于ACS 1在气候水果中的低水平mRNA被观察到在几种ACS 1 -2同源的cultivars中，我们将某些cultivars中的低水平的乙烯生产归因于ACS 1的相互变化的错误，它是对使用期间乙烯生产的主要基因的反应。Less（低）

An allele of the ACC synthase gene (Md-ACS1), the transcript and translated product of which have been identified in ripening apples, was isolated from a genomic library of the apple cultivar 'Golden Delicious'. The predicted coding region of this allele (ACS1-2) showed that 7 nucleotide substitutions in the corresponding region of ACS1-1 resulted in just one amino acid transition. A 162 bp sequence characterized as a short interspersed repetitive element (SINE) retrotransposon was inserted in the 5' flanking region of ACS1-2 corresponding to position -781 in ACS1-1. The XhoI site located near the 3' end of the predicted coding region of ACS1-2 was absent from the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) product, revealing that exclusive transcription from ACS1-1 occurs during ripening of 'Golden Delicious' fruit. DNA gel blot and PCR analyses of genomic DNAS showed clearly that apple cultivars were either heterozygous for ACS1-1 and ACS1-2 or homozygous for each type. … More RNA gel blot analysis of the ACS1-2 homozygous 'Fuji' apple, which produces little ethylene and has a long storage life, demonstrated that the level of transcription from ACS 1 2 during the ripening stage was very low.Apple species can be classified into three groups that are heterozygous or homozygous for the ACS1-1 and ACS1-2 alleles. We measured the internal ethylene concentration (IEC) in climacteric fruit of 35 apple cultivars with respect to genotype. Eleven ACS1-2 homozygous cultivars exhibited much lower IECs than cultivars homozygous or heterozygous for ACS1-1. Furthermore, FィイD21ィエD2 ACS1-2 homozygous progeny derived from crosses between heterozygous cultivars fruited with a very low IEC. These results are in accord with previous data indicating absence of transcription from ACS1-2 in a heterozygous cultivar. Since the low level of ACS1 mRNA in climacteric fruit was observed in several ACS1-2 homozygous cultivars, we conclude that the low level of ethylene production in some cultivars is caused by the mutated allele of ACS1, which is the main gene responsible for ethylene production during ripening. Less