Possession and its development among Japanese monkeys

日本猴子的占有及其发展

• 批准号: 09640839
• 负责人: HAYAKI Hiroshige
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: Kobe Gakuin University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09640839/
• 关键词: Japanese monkey; social behavior; social inhibition; possession; food sharing; 霊長類; 宥和行動; 遊び; 子守り; コミュニケーション; 行動抑制

This study aims at reconsidering the origin of human property or ownership, analyzing social situations in relation to 'possession' among Japanese monkeys. Social interactions concerning possession appeared clearly in feeding places. In feeding, dominance relationship affected possession : the dominant individual took a priority to access food resources and often showed aggression to the subordinate individuals. However, even the dominant did not take food in force, when it was kept in one's hand. Social inhibition such as this enables possession that may be the original form of human property. Exceptionally, mother or elder sisters sometimes snatched food from the infants' hand or mouth. In such situations, however, aggression never took place. In play situations, young individuals sometimes kept a piece of glass or an empty can in their hand. They did not scrambled for it. Before young females took care of an infant, they sometimes groom its mother, who may be regarded as the possessor of the infant.In conclusion, the mutual tolerance system based on social inhibition may be required for stable possession. The concept of possession is related to social recognition and communication. We can find the prototype of human property in the chimpanzee society, in which food sharing occurs. In chimpanzees, food sharing has a direct social significance.

本研究旨在重新考虑人类财产或所有权的起源，分析与日本猴子“占有”相关的社会状况。与占有有关的社会互动在饲养场所中清晰可见。在进食过程中，支配关系影响占有：支配个体优先获取食物资源，并且经常对从属个体表现出攻击性。然而，即使是统治者也不会强行接受食物，因为食物放在手中。像这样的社会抑制使得占有成为人类财产的原始形式。例外的是，母亲或姐姐有时会从婴儿的手或嘴里抢走食物。然而，在这种情况下，侵略从未发生。在玩耍的情况下，年轻人有时手里会拿着一块玻璃或一个空罐头。他们并没有争夺它。年轻雌性在照顾婴儿之前，有时会梳理婴儿的母亲，母亲可能被视为婴儿的占有者。总之，稳定的占有可能需要基于社会抑制的相互容忍系统。占有的概念与社会认可和交流有关。我们可以在黑猩猩社会中找到人类财产的原型，其中发生了食物共享。对于黑猩猩来说，食物分享具有直接的社会意义。