Studies on machanisms of fruit maturation and skin coloring, and their qualities improvement on a warm fruit growing region

温暖果区果实成熟、果皮着色机理及品质改良研究

• 批准号: 09460015
• 负责人: GEMMA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 2.56万
• 依托单位: University of Tsukuba
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09460015/
• 关键词: Fruit quality improvement; Skin coloring; Apple; Grape; Warm region; Adverse environment; Anthocyanin; ABA; 果実成熟; PGR

Some investigations were made on morphological and physiological machanisms of fruit skin coloring, regulation for fruit maturation and disorder incidence occurrence such as cracking, aiming to obtain the better understanding and information for high-quality fruit production on a warm fruit growing region. As results, the apparent difference in anthocyanin accumulation in relation to fruit skin coloring was proposed among the different production areas ; in the case of 'Kyoho' grape fruit, the produce from Nagano Prefecture, well-growing region, showed high contents of anthocyanin whereas fruit from Kumamoto Perf., a warm growing region, was supposed to be blocked enzymatically the pathway from proanthocyanin and flavonol to anthocyanin due to high temperarature presumably.Likewise, the factors affecting the skin coloring of apple on a warm region were suggested : relatively lower temperature (3-4 C lower than natural temperature) promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin strongly in the experiment, endogenous ABA contents was increased by virtue of its effect. The involvement of ABA on fruit maturation was likely according to several findings in this project, in strawberry and grape fruits, showing the peak of endogenous ABA in prior to the skin coloring stage and higher content found in the seeded-fruit, advantageous over the seedless fruit in coloring. During the storage after harvest of 'Tsugaru' apple fruit, a little lipid appearance on skin was found on fruit from a warm region as compared with fruit from a cool region.On peach fruit, a bagging over fruit prohibited well-coloring and drought treatment, around -3.0 Mpa in leaf water potential, resulted in an increment of sugar content and an accumulation of phenol, but it was not appeared that drought can cause the cracking of peach fruit.These findings will be available for the information of fruit quality improvement on a warm growing region as an adverse enrionment for fruit production.

对果实着色的形态生理机制、果实成熟的调控以及裂果等病害的发生进行了研究，以期对温暖果区的优质果品生产有更好的认识和信息。结果表明，不同产区果实花色苷积累与果皮着色的关系存在明显差异；以‘巨峰’葡萄为例，生长较好的长野县的果实花色苷含量较高，而温暖产区熊本果实的花色苷含量较高，可能是由于温度较高，酶促原花青素和黄酮醇向花色苷合成的途径受阻。结果表明，在草莓和葡萄果实中，内源ABA含量高峰出现在果实着色期之前，且种子果实中ABA含量较高，着色性优于无核果实。在采后贮藏过程中，温暖地区的果实与凉爽地区的果实相比，果皮上有少量的脂质现象。在桃果实上，套袋禁止果实着色和干旱处理，叶水势在-3.0 Mpa左右，导致糖含量增加和苯酚积累，但干旱不会导致桃果实开裂。这些结果将为温暖地区改善果实品质提供参考，对果实生产造成不利影响。

项目成果

Gemma, H: "Possibility of n-propyl dihydrojasmonate application for thinning fruit, defoliating and promoting the fruit maturation as a cultural technique."Abst.XXV Int. Hortic.Congress. 126 (1998)

Gemma，H：“作为一种栽培技术，二氢茉莉酮正丙酯应用作为疏果、脱叶和促进果实成熟的可能性。”Abst.XXV Int。

Ito, T: "Lipid appearance on skin of 'Tsubaru' apple fruit from different production areas during a storage."Suppl.J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.. 68(2) (in press). (1999)

Ito, T：“来自不同产地的‘Tsubaru’苹果果实在储存过程中果皮上的脂质外观。”Suppl.J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.. 68(2)（印刷中）。

Kondo, S: "Comparison of free and conjugated ABA levels in seeded and gibberellin-treated seedless "Pionnier" grape berry and fruit quality."Suppl.J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci.. 67(1). 68 (1998)

Kondo, S：“有籽和赤霉素处理的无籽“Pionnier”葡萄浆果中游离和结合 ABA 水平的比较以及果实质量。”Suppl.J.Japan.Soc.Hort.Sci. 67(1)。

Nakano, M: "Ethylene synthesis in a split-pitted peach fruit."J.Jpn.Soc.Hort.Sci.Kinki Sec.Abst. 572 (1998)

Nakano, M：“裂核桃果实中的乙烯合成。”J.Jpn.Soc.Hort.Sci.Kinki Sec.Abst。

李生花・弦間 洋他: "リンゴ‘ふじ'の貯蔵中における色素成分変化の地域間比較" 園学雑. 67(別2). 107 (1998)

Seika Lee、Hiroshi Genma 等人：“‘Fuji’苹果贮藏过程中色素成分变化的区域间比较”Sono Gakuza 67（第 2 部分）（1998 年）。