Stabilization of the life cycle of temperate fruit trees under irregular climates - elucidation of the molecular mechanism on water movement and redox regulation in the dormant buds

休眠芽组织中谷胱甘肽含量显著增加。GSH在芽中的积累与基因GSH1和GSH2以及氧化还原调节酶如替代氧化酶（AOX）的转录模式的显著增加相一致。核磁共振成像观察发现，桃内胚层水分含量逐渐增加到休眠芽活性所需的水平，这是通过水通道蛋白的膜运输特性在细胞间和细胞内进行交流的结果。低温积累条件下的日本梨混合芽水分流动性和含水量均较低，鳞片水分含量较低。而在特定部位，水分流动性和相对含量增加，在暖冬条件下生长数季的植物混合芽中更为明显，导致花原基坏死，新花序发育，形成不规则的花形。

The transition from bud endodormancy state was characterized by a significant increasing on glutathione content in dormant bud tissues. The GSH accumulation in the buds was coincided with major increases in transcript patterns of genes GSH1 and GSH2 and redox regulating enzyme genes such as the alternative oxidase (AOX). According to the findings by MRI observation, a gradual increase in water content to that required for peach dormant bud activity at the end of endodomancy was resulted from inter- and intracell communication through membrane transport properties of aquaporins. And also, the mixed buds of Japanese pear subjected to low chilling accumulation showed low water mobility and water content especially in scales. In contrast, increased water mobility and relative content were observed in specific portions, which was more accentuated in the mixed buds of plants grown for several seasons under mild winter conditions, resulting in the necrosis of floral primordia, and the development of new inflorescences which corresponds an irregular floral form.