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Sustainable Farming System and the Effect on the Potential of Food Supply

可持续农业系统及其对粮食供应潜力的影响

基本信息

批准号：
09356006
负责人：
KUROKAWA Isao
金额：
$ 12.67万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09356006/
关键词：
Sustainable Agriculture Potential of Food Supply Alternative Technology Organic Fanning Geological Information Standard of Organic Fanning Regulation, Tax and Subsidy Information Technology 持続的農業経営低農薬エコファーミング病虫害の予察情報システム食糧供給力 /

项目摘要

There exists many Farms and Agricultural Cooperatives which have been practiced or introduced partly organic farming for a long time. The purpose of this study is to investigate the typical farms among those and evaluate them from the point of farm managerial economics . The evaluation from the point of pesticide and fungicide control, energy input-output analysis and environmental externality was conducted cooperated with the specialist.In case of dairy farming, Low-output dairy farming which utilize grazing grass land is most sustainable system. The farm survey shows that rice farming has more possibility to improve the sustainability by developing the substitution farm labor to farm machinery in weeding and pesticide, and by lowering the price of 'organic' input which substitute for agricultural chemical. In case of Upland-farming, whose farm size is larger, precision farming method helped to manage farm land, especially in the area where the traditional cropping rotation system affected by introduction of more intensive crops such as vegetables.Information technology such as crop disease forecasting system is very effective to reduce use of agricultural chemicals GIS has proved to be a very effective to monitor the effects of the farmer's activity on environment and to accumulate the information of sustainable farming system. The effectiveness of regulation for the organic farm products standard and other economic policy means such as tax and subsidy to promote sustainable agriculture are also discussed.It is still discussing matter how much the sustainable farming system affect on the food supply, because it depend rather on the market situation. Not-utilized farm resource such as paddy straw, forestry land and new information technology are worth to consider as "new" resources to increase food production possibility.

有许多农场和农业合作社长期以来一直实行或引进部分有机耕作。本研究的目的，就是要对其中的典型农场进行调查，并从农场经营经济学的角度对它们进行评价。从农药和杀菌剂控制、能量投入产出分析和环境外部性的角度与专家合作进行了评价。以奶牛养殖业为例，利用放牧草地的低产出奶牛养殖业是最可持续的系统。调查结果表明，水稻种植业在除草、农药等方面可以通过发展替代农业机械的劳动力，降低替代农药的“有机”投入物的价格，从而提高可持续性。在农场规模较大的旱地农业中，精确农业方法有助于管理农场土地，特别是在传统的轮作制度受到引进更密集的作物如蔬菜的影响的地区。信息技术，如作物病害预报系统，是非常有效的，以减少农业化学品的使用GIS已被证明是一个非常有效的监测农民的活动的影响积累可持续耕作制度的信息。本文还讨论了有机农产品标准的调控以及税收、补贴等经济政策手段对促进可持续农业发展的有效性，可持续农业体系对粮食供给的影响程度如何，还有待讨论，因为这主要取决于市场状况。未利用的农业资源如水稻秸秆、林地和新信息技术等，值得考虑作为增加粮食生产可能性的“新”资源。