The Changing Features of High School Student Subculture and Creer Formation

我们调查了18年前，也就是1979年他们调查过的同一所高中。当时，高中的等级结构以学业水平为基础，通过高中考试成绩确定，起到了卡车运输系统的作用。学生被分成不同的课程，就像运动员一样。教师指导、学生亚文化、学生活动和职业形成因课程不同而不同。但在过去的18年里，高中教育的环境发生了巨大的变化。一是教育思想发生了转变。个人主义(发展个人才能)和多元化占据了上风。其次，高中毕业生劳动力市场和高考的形势都发生了变化。越来越多的高中生继续接受高等教育，入学考试变得不那么僵化，形式更加多样化。第三，青年文化发生了变化，引入了新的风尚和价值观。以下是我们的研究结果。首先，从职业形成的角度来看，卡车运输系统仍然存在。第二，教师对好学生角色的看法不再关注学生的校外纪律，而是更多地关注课堂学习。不同学校等级、不同班级的教师观点差异有所减少。第三，1979年的学生更多地参与学习，而1997年的参与程度较低。他们学习不努力，看不到学习的意义。第四，随着学生升学比例的增加，学生职业分化的因素也发生了变化。调查的11所学校位于两个农村地区。与校长和学术指导、就业指导和学生活动的主任进行了访谈。并向二年级学生和所有教师发放并填写了调查问卷。

We surveyed same high schools which they had surveyed 18 years ago, in 1979. At the time, high school hierarchical structure based on academic level, determined through high school examination results, functioned as trucking system. Students were differentiated into courses just as athletes were. Teacher instruction, student subculture, student activity, and career formation differed according to their courses.However during the last 18 years, the circumstances of high school education has changed on a large scale. First, educational thoughts has changed. Individualism (developing individual talents) and pluralism have gained upper hand. Second, the situation both of high school graduate labor market and of college/university entrance examinations has changed. High school students increasingly go on to higher education, and the entrance examinations become less rigid, more versatile in form. Third, youth culture has changed, introducing new manners and values.The following are the findings of our research. First, trucking system still remains, judging from the point of career formation. Second, the teacher perspectives on the role of good student no longer concern the student's extramural discipline, and now concentrate more on classroom learning. The difference of the teacher perspectives according to the school rank or truck decreased. Third, students were more involved in learning in 1979, less so in 1997. They study less hard, seeing less significance in studying. Fourth, as the radio of the students go on to higher learning increased, the factors differentiating students' career also changed.The 11 schools were surveyed are located in two rural prefectures. Interviews were conducted with the headmasters and directors of academic guidance, career guidance and student activity. Also, questionnaires were distributed to and filled by second grade students and all teachers.