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Research on Informatization of Industries and its Effects on Performances since 1985 : An Empirical Analysis including International Comparisons

1985年以来工业信息化及其对绩效的影响研究:国际比较的实证分析

基本信息

批准号：
09430003
负责人：
HIROMATSU Takeshi
金额：
$ 4.8万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In the United States, the so-called "Productivity Paradox" has been discussed since the late 1980's. U.S. economic performance, however, has experienced a 9-year long economic boom since early 1990's, and the discussions seem to end these days. But, in Japan, mainly due to a prolonged economic slump, even top executives of private companies are now facing a very difficult decision problem whether they should invest in IT (Information Technology) or not.In this research; we first analyzed present situations of informatization of industries in Japan, and then effectiveness of IT on productivity industry by industry. In the analysis, we defined concepts of "Informatized Investment," "Informatized Stock," and its "Slack", and estimated them by making use of MITI's officially published data. And, applying methods of growth accounting and EDA (Envelope Data Analysis) to the newly defined data, we have reached tentative conclusions as follows : (1) in 7 industries including Textile, Pulp and Paper, machine r y, Informatized investment did not contribute increase in productivity during 1990-94, (2) during the same period, Slacks on Inforrnatized capital were observed in several industries, which means that inefficiencies existed in these industries.From these tentative conclusions, we can say that, in Japan, "Productivity Paradox" prevailed in many industries at least until 1994. The exception is the case of Finance and Insurance industry in the sense that industry enjoyed the increase in productivity due to Informatized Investment at least during 1988-89.

在美国，所谓的“生产力悖论”自20世纪80年代末以来一直被讨论。然而，美国经济表现自1990年代初以来经历了长达9年的经济繁荣，这些天的讨论似乎已经结束。但在日本，主要由于长期的经济衰退，即使是私营企业的高层管理人员现在也面临着是否应该投资IT（信息技术）的非常困难的决策问题。我们首先分析了日本产业信息化的现状，然后逐个产业地分析了IT对生产力的有效性。在分析中，我们定义了“信息化投资”、“信息化股票”及其“Slack”的概念，并利用通产省官方公布的数据进行了估算。并且，对新定义的数据应用增长核算和EDA（包络数据分析）方法，我们得出如下初步结论：（1）在纺织、制浆造纸、机械等7个行业中，1990-94年间，信息化投资没有对生产率的增长做出贡献；（2）同期，多个行业都出现了信息化资本松弛，这意味着信息化资本存在低效率。从这些初步结论中，我们可以说，在日本，至少到1994年，“生产率悖论”在许多行业中普遍存在。金融和保险业是个例外，因为至少在1988-89年间，该行业因信息化投资而享受到了生产率的提高。