Integration von Zuwanderern der ersten und zweiten Generation in Frankreich und in Deutschland

法国和德国第一代和第二代移民的融合

• 批准号: 97747983
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Patrick Puhani
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Arbeitsökonomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/97747983?language=en
• 关键词: Integration; von; Zuwanderern; der; ersten

This project unites researchers from France and Germany in a single challenge to determine successful strategies of economic integration of immigrants. Newly available data will allow a comparative study of integration indicators for first and second generation immigrants. The Franco-German comparison is interesting because immigrant groups from the same sending countries can be observed in two neighboring countries with similar living standards and labour market regulations, but with traditionally different approaches to integration and naturalization.In the first part of the project, we provide descriptive evidence on various measures of integration for first and second generation immigrants in France and Germany. Apart from wages and employment, we will also consider public sector employment, naturalization and intermarriage as outcomes. Whereas the economic measures of wages and employment stand for (economic) participation in society, public sector employment and naturalization are deeper signals of integration in that immigrants become representatives of the host country through political participation. Intermarriage might be seen as one of the strongest forms of integration.In the second part of the project, we build on a so-called natural experiment provided by a recent change in German legislation on citizenship to identify the causal effects of naturalization. Determination of the effects of naturalization is especially important in light of convergence of citizenship policies, i.e. easing naturalization in Germany and tightening it in France. In addition, offering faster access to citizenship is an a priori budget neutral policy, which is not the case for intervention programmes like training.In the third part, we focus on immigrant employment in the public sector. We examine why immigrants and even the second generation are underrepresented in these jobs. . We ask whether this is a consequence of discrimination in hiring. A particular structure of the hiring process of civil servants in France opens an opportunity to investigate immigrants performance in an anonymous written and a non-anonymous oral examination. The research proposed here is highly relevant to current policy debates in Germany and in France and will make a contribution to the empirical economic literature.

该项目将来自法国和德国的研究人员团结在一个单一的挑战中，以确定移民经济融合的成功战略。新获得的数据将允许对第一代和第二代移民的融合指标进行比较研究。法德两国的比较很有趣，因为可以在两个相邻的国家观察到来自相同发送国的移民群体，这些国家的生活水平和劳动力市场法规相似，但融合和归化的传统方法不同。在项目的第一部分，我们提供了关于法国和德国第一代和第二代移民融入社会的各种措施的描述性证据。除了工资和就业外，我们还将考虑公共部门的就业、归化和通婚。工资和就业的经济指标代表(经济)参与社会，而公共部门就业和归化是融合的更深层次的信号，因为移民通过政治参与成为东道国的代表。通婚可能被视为最强大的融合形式之一。在该项目的第二部分，我们基于最近德国公民身份立法的变化提供的所谓自然实验，以确定入籍的因果关系。鉴于公民身份政策的趋同，即在德国放宽入籍和在法国收紧入籍，确定入籍的效果尤其重要。此外，提供更快获得公民身份的机会是一项先验的预算中性政策，但培训等干预计划并非如此。在第三部分，我们重点介绍移民在公共部门的就业情况。我们调查了为什么移民，甚至第二代人在这些工作中的代表性不足。。我们问，这是否是招聘歧视的结果。法国公务员招聘程序的特殊结构为调查移民在匿名笔试和非匿名口试中的表现提供了机会。这里提出的研究与德国和法国当前的政策辩论高度相关，并将对经验经济学文献做出贡献。