Integration von Zuwanderern der ersten und zweiten Generation in Frankreich und in Deutschland

法国和德国第一代和第二代移民的融合

• 批准号: 97747983
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Patrick Puhani
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Arbeitsökonomik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/97747983?language=en
• 关键词: Integration; von; Zuwanderern; der; ersten

This project unites researchers from France and Germany in a single challenge to determine successful strategies of economic integration of immigrants. Newly available data will allow a comparative study of integration indicators for first and second generation immigrants. The Franco-German comparison is interesting because immigrant groups from the same sending countries can be observed in two neighboring countries with similar living standards and labour market regulations, but with traditionally different approaches to integration and naturalization.In the first part of the project, we provide descriptive evidence on various measures of integration for first and second generation immigrants in France and Germany. Apart from wages and employment, we will also consider public sector employment, naturalization and intermarriage as outcomes. Whereas the economic measures of wages and employment stand for (economic) participation in society, public sector employment and naturalization are deeper signals of integration in that immigrants become representatives of the host country through political participation. Intermarriage might be seen as one of the strongest forms of integration.In the second part of the project, we build on a so-called natural experiment provided by a recent change in German legislation on citizenship to identify the causal effects of naturalization. Determination of the effects of naturalization is especially important in light of convergence of citizenship policies, i.e. easing naturalization in Germany and tightening it in France. In addition, offering faster access to citizenship is an a priori budget neutral policy, which is not the case for intervention programmes like training.In the third part, we focus on immigrant employment in the public sector. We examine why immigrants and even the second generation are underrepresented in these jobs. . We ask whether this is a consequence of discrimination in hiring. A particular structure of the hiring process of civil servants in France opens an opportunity to investigate immigrants performance in an anonymous written and a non-anonymous oral examination. The research proposed here is highly relevant to current policy debates in Germany and in France and will make a contribution to the empirical economic literature.

该项目将法国和德国的研究人员联合起来，共同应对一项挑战，以确定移民经济融合的成功策略。新获得的数据将有助于对第一代和第二代移民的融合指标进行比较研究。法德比较很有趣，因为可以在生活水平和劳动力市场法规相似的两个邻国观察到来自相同输出国的移民群体，但传统上融合和入籍的方法不同。在该项目的第一部分中，我们提供了法国和德国第一代和第二代移民的各种融合措施的描述性证据。除了工资和就业之外，我们还将公共部门就业、入籍和通婚视为结果。工资和就业等经济指标代表社会的（经济）参与，而公共部门就业和入籍则是更深层次的融合信号，因为移民通过政治参与成为东道国的代表。异族通婚可能被视为最强有力的融合形式之一。在该项目的第二部分中，我们以德国公民身份立法最近的变化所提供的所谓自然实验为基础，以确定入籍的因果影响。鉴于公民政策的趋同，即德国放宽入籍政策而法国收紧入籍政策，确定入籍的影响尤为重要。此外，提供更快的公民身份是一项先验的预算中性政策，而培训等干预计划则不然。在第三部分中，我们重点关注公共部门的移民就业。我们研究了为什么移民甚至第二代在这些工作中的代表性不足。 。我们询问这是否是招聘歧视的结果。法国公务员招聘流程的特殊结构为通过匿名笔试和非匿名口试调查移民表现提供了机会。这里提出的研究与德国和法国当前的政策辩论高度相关，并将对实证经济文献做出贡献。