Population Genetic Study of Indigenous Peoples of Wallacea

Wallacea是阐明太平洋人口的一个关键地区。该地区由无数岛屿组成，位于古老的太平洋种群摇篮Sundaland和Sahulland之间。瓦拉几亚的早期居民可能有着古老的联系，经常与后来移民的人重叠。瓦勒恰有一些土著人民，他们的起源一直不明。人们提出了不同的理论，不同学科的许多研究都试图阐明这些民族复杂起源的问题。我们需要通过研究该地区现存种群的遗传结构来充实这些论点。日本和印度尼西亚联合对Wallacea土著人民进行人口遗传学研究，以阐明他们的起源，似乎是一个适当的时机。在本研究中，兴趣也集中在寻找可能导致适应环境的遗传性状，寄生虫病的高患病率。在这三个财政年度，我们检查了约500个无关的个人谁住在研究地点。为了了解土著人民的人类学和人口遗传学特征，我们进行了以下检查：遗传标记、卵细胞增多症和疟疾感染、DNA多态性、人类学测量（身高、体重、跨度、头指数等），身体特征粪便中的肠道寄生虫这三个群体在DNA多态性方面表现出显着不同的遗传特征。因此，分析东南亚其他原住民群体之间的遗传关系是有趣的。

Wallacea is a key area to elucidate the peopling of the Pacific. This area comprises the myriad islands and lies between Sundaland, the cradle of ancient Pacific stock, and Sahulland. The early inhabitants of Wallacea might have ancient connections, frequently overlaid with peoples who immigrated at later dates. There are indigenous peoples in Wallecea whose origins have been unknown. Different theories have been proposed, and many studies in various disciplines have attempted to shed light on the question of the complex origins of these peoples. We need to add substance to these arguments by studies of the genetic structure of the living populations of this area. It seems opportune to conduct Japan-Indonesia joint population genetic studies on the indigenous peoples in Wallacea to elucidate their origins. In the present study, interests are also focused on the search for genetic traits that may lead to adaptation to their environments with high prevalence of parasitic diseases.In these three fiscal years, we have examined approximately 500 unrelated individuals who live in the research sites. To know the anthropological and population genetic characteristics of the indigenous peoples, we have conducted the following examinations: genetic markers, ovalocytosis and malaria infection, DNA plymorphisms, anthropological measurements (height, weight, span, cephalic index, etc.), somatological features, intestine parasites in feces. These three populations exhibit significantly different genetic features in terms of DNA polymorphisms. It is, therefore, interestint to analyze genetic relationships among the other indigenous populations in South East Asia.