The Salton Sea and Children's Health: Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment

总结 哮喘仍然是儿童最常见的慢性疾病之一。1哮喘是一种多因素疾病， 其发展可能受住房特征、室内过敏原和环境影响。 2，3帝国谷的低收入社区主要是墨西哥裔美国人，位于农村地区， 在加州东南部，五分之一的儿童患有哮喘。 CA中哮喘的急诊就诊率和住院率，5尽管这些比率升高的原因 尚未进行评估。通过评估帝王谷呼吸健康和环境 （AIRE）研究（1R01ES029598），6一个多元化的研究团队正在利用社区参与的方法 研究空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响， 西班牙裔小学生。通过AIRE在社区的工作， 作为另一个重要的环境健康问题。 接触农药可能影响呼吸系统健康，但幼儿的数据很少。 Imperial Valley的农业社区提供了美国冬季消费的66%的蔬菜 是加州农药使用量最高的地区之一。 2017年在帝王谷申请的学校和家庭都靠近农田， 因此，非职业性住宅杀虫剂接触是非常令人关注的。而肺活量降低， 据报道，农业工人的哮喘和呼吸道症状有所增加，21 - 26日， 我们对生活在农药施用地附近的儿童与哮喘之间的联系的理解存在差距。 农药漂移问题对农村社区尤其令人关切，15对居住在附近的社区进行的研究表明， 喷洒了杀虫剂的农田在空气、家中和尿液中发现了广泛的污染 16 - 19，这可能会增加患小儿哮喘的风险。10，20 此外，多种农药经常联合使用，关于农药的研究很少。 儿童接触农药混合物和呼吸系统健康后果。 这一拟议的多样性补充将利用从儿童AIRE队列收集的数据。这 队列研究纳入了550名小学学龄儿童，并获得了大量关于肺功能的纵向数据 和呼吸道健康症状。这项研究的完成将扩大我们对如何 杀虫剂影响儿童呼吸道健康。我们的研究将是第一批研究 儿童期农药混合物暴露与纵向呼吸系统健康结果之间的关系。 培训将使候选人能够开展独立的职业生涯，重点关注以下方面的关系： 环境暴露和健康结果，特别关注环境正义社区。

SUMMARY Asthma remains one of the most common chronic diseases in children.1 Asthma is a multifactorial disease, whose development may be influenced by housing characteristics, indoor allergens, and environmental pollutants.2,3 The low income, primarily Mexican-American community of Imperial Valley is situated in rural southeastern California, where 1 in 5 children struggle with asthma.4 Furthermore, it has one of the highest rates of emergency visits and hospitalizations for asthma in CA,5 although the reasons for these elevated rates have not yet been assessed. Through the Assessing Imperial Valley Respiratory Health and the Environment (AIRE) study (1R01ES029598),6 a diverse team of investigators is leveraging a community-engaged approach to examine the role of air pollution on children's respiratory health in a prospective cohort of predominantly Hispanic elementary school children. Through AIRE's work in the community, pesticides have been identified by residents as another key environmental health concern. Pesticide exposures may influence respiratory health, but data in young children are scarce.7–13 This agricultural community of Imperial Valley supplies 66% of the winter vegetables consumed in the United States and is one of the highest pesticide use areas in CA.14 Five million pounds of agricultural pesticides were applied in Imperial Valley in 2017. Schools and homes are located in close proximity to agricultural fields and thus non-occupational residential pesticide exposures are of great concern. While reduced lung capacity and increased asthma and respiratory symptoms have been reported in agricultural workers,21–26 there remains a gap in our understanding of the association between children living near pesticide applications and asthma. Pesticide drift is of particular concern for rural communities,15 and studies conducted in communities living near agricultural fields sprayed with pesticides have found extensive contamination in the air, in homes, and in urine from children in these communities,16–19 which may increase the risk of developing pediatric asthma.10,20 Additionally, multiple pesticides are often used in combination and there is a paucity of research regarding pesticide mixture exposures among children and respiratory health outcomes. This proposed diversity supplement will leverage data collected from the Children's AIRE cohort. This cohort has enrolled 550 elementary school-aged children and has extensive longitudinal data on lung function and respiratory health symptoms. The completion of this study will expand on our understanding of how pesticides impact respiratory health in children. Our study will be the among the first to examine the relationship between exposure to childhood pesticide mixtures and longitudinal respiratory health outcomes. The training will position the Candidate to launch an independent career focusing on the relationship between environmental exposures and health outcomes with a special focus on environmental justice communities.