Dietary Quality, Cognitive Decline and Brain Health in Puerto Rican Adults

波多黎各成年人的饮食质量、认知能力下降和大脑健康

• 批准号: 10171742
• 负责人: Katherine L Tucker
• 金额: $ 73.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS LOWELL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-15 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10171742
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Age of Onset; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Alzheimer' s Disease; Alzheimer' s disease risk; Back; Bioavailable; Biological Markers; Blood Vessels; Boston; Brain; Brain Infarction; C-reactive protein; Candy; Carbohydrates; Central American; Cerebral Infarction; Chronic; Cognition; Cognitive; Consumption; Cuban American; DNA Methylation; Data; Dementia; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Dietary Practices; Dietary intake; Fiber; Fishes; Folic Acid; Food; Food Additives; Food Processing; Grain; Health; Health Food; Heart Diseases; Hispanics; Impaired cognition; Incidence; Inflammation; Insulin Resistance; Intake; Interleukin-6; Intervention; Latino; Lead; Longitudinal cohort study; Low Income Population; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Metabolic; Metabolic syndrome; Mexican; Mexican Americans; Minerals; Modeling; Mus; Neurotransmitters; Nicotinic Acids; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nutrient; Nutritional; Outcome; Oxidative Stress; PTH gene; Participant; Pathway interactions; Phosphorus; Plasma; Predictive Factor; Preventive; Process; Psychometrics; Puerto Rican; Reaction; Reducing diet; Riboflavin; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; Scanning; Serum; South American; Stroke; Structure; TNF gene; Testing; Thiamine; Time; Vascular calcification; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B6; Work; anti aging; base; brain abnormalities; brain health; cerebrovascular; cofactor; cognitive function; depressive symptoms; dietary; fibroblast growth factor 23; follow-up; food consumption; fruits and vegetables; health disparity; human data; improved; inflammatory marker; inorganic phosphate; men; mortality; novel; protein metabolism; recruit; response; sweetened beverage; vascular risk factor; white matter

PROJECT SUMMARY The scientific premise of this proposal is that consumption of highly processed foods contributes to cognitive decline with aging. These dietary effects may lead to health disparities in cognitive decline due to the known greater consumption of highly processed foods in low-income populations. While many factors are associated with the effects of a diet characterized by highly processed foods, including displacement of healthy foods and the myriad of nutrients associated with these, we propose that two nutrients, in particular, may have effects through known or emerging pathways that affect brain function. First, there is evidence that highly processed foods contribute to greater intake of phosphorus (P) through P-based food additives which can increase food P content by ≥70%. Vascular risk factors predict cognitive decline and excess P may elevate CVD risk. However, the role of P in cognitive decline remains unclear. One novel pathway is compensatory elevation in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a predictor of vascular calcification and CVD. Klotho, a putative anti-aging factor, may be protective against CVD and cognitive decline. Among mice, a high P diet reduced klotho secretion. Excessive P consumption may lower klotho and impair cognitive function through modulation of FGF23, but human data remain sparse. P also elevates parathyroid hormone (PTH), which predicts CVD mortality and presence of cerebral infarcts. Second, vitamin B6 (B6), a critical cofactor for ≥100 metabolic reactions, is easily lost with food processing and unlike other B vitamins is not added back to enriched grains. We have shown that low B6 status was associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and depressive symptoms in Puerto Rican adults. Earlier work with non-Hispanic white men, showed associations of both diet and plasma B6 (pyridoxl-5'-phosphate,PLP) with 3 y cognitive decline. Latinos appear to be disproportionately burdened by cognitive impairment compared to non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that Puerto Ricans have >twice the odds of low global cognitive function compared to Mexicans. With the growing and aging Latino population in the U.S likely to contribute to major increases in the burden of cognitive decline, it is critical that we improve our understanding of preventive risk factors that may inform interventions. We will use data from the Boston Puerto Rican Health study (BPRHS), a longitudinal cohort study of U.S. mainland Puerto Ricans (45-74 y) with diet, nutritional biomarkers, and cognitive function testing data available at baseline and 2 and 5 y follow-up. We will recruit BPRHS participants to return (~ 8-y from baseline) for a repeat battery of cognitive exams and, for a subset, an MRI scan. We will quantify the associations between processed foods consumption, P status (serum P, FGF23, klotho, and PTH), dietary B6, and PLP, as exposures, with ~8 y cognitive decline (psychometric testing) and brain structure, cerebral infarcts, white matter integrity, and connectivity (MRI) at ~8 y, as outcomes. Further the potential mediative roles of inflammation (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) will be measured.

项目摘要 该提议的科学前提是，食用高度加工食品有助于认知 随着衰老而下降。这些饮食影响可能会导致由于已知的认知能力下降的健康差异 低收入人群中高度加工食品的食用。虽然许多因素是相关的 以高度加工食品为特征的饮食的影响，包括流离失所的健康食品和 与这些相关的无数营养素，我们建议两种营养素可能具有影响 通过影响大脑功能的已知或新兴途径。首先，有证据表明高度处理 食物通过基于P的食物添加剂有助于更大的磷（P）摄入，从而增加食物P 内容≥70％。血管危险因素可以预测认知能力下降，超过P可能会增加CVD风险。然而， P在认知下降中的作用尚不清楚。一种新颖的途径是成纤维细胞中的补偿性高程 生长因子23（FGF23），是血管计算和CVD的预测指标。克洛索（Klotho），一种推定的抗衰老因素， 可以保护CVD和认知能力下降。在小鼠中，高饮食降低了klotho的分泌。 过量的P消耗可能会通过调节FGF23降低Klotho并损害认知功能，但 人类数据仍然很少。 P还提高了甲状旁腺激素（PTH），该激素预测CVD死亡率和 存在脑因。其次，维生素B6（B6）是一种≥100代谢反应的关键辅助因子，很容易 由于食品加工而丢失，而且与其他B族维生素不同，并未将其添加到富集的谷物中。我们已经显示了 低B6状态与感染，氧化应激，代谢综合征，糖尿病和 波多黎各成年人的抑郁症状。与非西班牙裔白人的早期合作，展示了联想 饮食和血浆B6（吡啶氧基-5'-磷酸盐，PLP）的认知能力下降。拉丁美洲人似乎是 与非西班牙裔白人相比，认知障碍的燃烧不成比例。而且，最近 证据表明，波多黎各人的全球认知功能的几率> 墨西哥人。随着美国拉丁裔人口的增长和衰老，可能会导致大幅增加 认知能力下降的负担，至关重要的是，我们可以提高对预防风险因素的理解 告知干预措施。我们将使用波士顿波士港健康研究（BPRHS）的数据，这是一个纵向 饮食，营养生物标志物和认知功能的美国大陆波多黎各人的队列研究（45-74 y） 测试数据在基线和2和5 y随访时可用。我们将招募BPRHS参与者返回（〜8-Y 从基线开始）重复的认知考试电池，以及子集的MRI扫描。我们将量化 加工食品消费，P状态（血清P，FGF23，Klotho和PTH）之间的关联，饮食B6， 和PLP作为暴露，认知能力下降（心理测试）和大脑结构，大脑 梗塞，白质完整性和连通性（MRI）在〜8 y时，作为结果。进一步潜在的介体 将测量炎症（CRP，IL-6和TNF-α）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）的作用。