Are Interventions Supporting Physical ACtivity modified by the Environment (InSPACE)?

美国的大多数青少年和成年人都没有达到推荐的身体活动水平，尽管 充分活动对健康的重大和广泛的益处。 增加身体活动的干预措施对改善个人和人口的健康至关重要 健康然而，一般有效的干预措施在不同的国家可能并不一致有效。 个体个性化的行为医学，其中干预措施是针对性的 个人试图改善健康行为的领域仍然是一个新兴的领域。之间 背景因素，建成和社会环境因素在家庭邻里是相关的 对个体的身体活动的横截面（例如，居住在更适合步行的社区 一般都比较活跃）。然而，横断面观察性研究没有发现 是否或哪些环境因素是促进因素或障碍，试图增加 体力活动。拟议中的InSPACE项目将检查是否以及 邻里建筑和社会环境因素影响个体对身体反应， 活动干预。我们建议招募并参与50+体力活动干预 全国各地的试验，以产生全面和一致的措施， (e.g.,居住密度）和社会（例如，家庭收入中位数） 与每个试验中的个体参与者相关联的环境。在提供 国家空间数据和创新的用户友好工具， 自动环境测量工具（Automatic Context Measurement Tool）使InSPACE 及时可行。环境、体力活动结果和人口统计数据将被 在试验之间进行协调并合并，以允许对环境影响进行稳健测试 在单一试验中不可能修改体力活动干预。此外，合并 数据将允许测试是否关键的个人层面的人口因素，如年龄， 和种族/民族，与影响身体活动的邻里环境因素相互作用 干预结果。在专家科学咨询理事会的指导下， 有可能快速有效地确定谁将对现有有效的 在什么情况下进行身体活动干预，并鼓励在改变 干预措施，以更好地匹配个人的环境背景， 体力活动。

Most youth and adults in the U.S. do not meet recommended levels of physical activity, despite the significant and extensive health benefits associated with being sufficiently active. Interventions to increase physical activity are critical to improving an individuals' and population health. However, generally efficacious interventions may not be consistently effective across individuals. Personalized behavioral medicine in which interventions are tailored to the context in which individuals are attempting to improve health behaviors remains a nascent field. Among context factors, built and social environment factors within the home neighborhood are related cross-sectionally to individuals' physical activity (e.g., residents in more walkable neighborhoods are generally more active). However, cross-sectional observational studies do not identify whether or which environmental factors are facilitators or barriers to attempts to increase physical activity. The proposed InSPACE project examines whether and which home neighborhood built and social environment factors affect individuals' response to physical activity interventions. We propose to recruit and engage with 50+ physical activity intervention trials across the country to generate comprehensive and consistent measures of objective built (e.g., residential density) and social (e.g., median household income) neighborhood environment linked to individual participants within each trial. Advances in the availability of national spatial data and an innovative user-friendly tool to create and attribute environmental measures to anywhere in the U.S. (the Automatic Context Measurement Tool) makes InSPACE timely and feasible. Environmental, physical activity outcome, and demographic data will be harmonized across trials and pooled to allow for robust testing of environmental effect modification of physical activity intervention not possible within single trials. In addition, pooled data will allow for testing of whether critical individual-level demographic factors, such as age and race/ethnicity, interact with neighborhood environmental factors in affecting physical activity intervention outcome. Guided by an expert scientific advisory council, findings from InSPACE have the potential to rapidly and efficiently identify who will be responsive to existing efficacious physical activity interventions in what contexts and encourage innovation in changing interventions to better match individuals' environmental contexts when attempting to increase physical activity.