Structural & Programmatic Effects of Bus Rapid Transit on Physical Activity

结构性

• 批准号: 9269534
• 负责人: BRIAN E SAELENS
• 金额: $ 49.01万
• 依托单位: SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9269534
• 关键词: Accelerometer; Adult; Affect; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Collection; Commuting; Congestive; Consumption; County; Data; Data Collection; Devices; Diabetes Mellitus; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Funding; Future; Happiness; Health; Health behavior; Incentives; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Investments; Light; Long-Term Effects; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Motion; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Participant; Physical activity; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Prospective cohort; Public Health; Recommendation; Research Infrastructure; Savings; Services; Signal Transduction; Social Marketing; Surveys; System; Time; Transportation; Travel; Walking; base; built environment; cardiovascular disorder prevention; computerized data processing; cost; cost effectiveness; cost-effectiveness evaluation; demographics; density; design; disorder risk; fossil fuel energy; health economics; improved; interest; mortality; physical inactivity; programs; relative cost; satisfaction; urban planning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lack of adequate physical activity has numerous negative health consequences, but the majority of U.S. adults fail to attain even minimal recommended levels of daily physical activity. Most programmatic interventions focus on increasing recreational physical activity, but have modest initial and even weaker long-term effects, enroll only the motivated few, and subsequently have limited public health impact. An alternative approach is changing environments, infrastructure, or policies in ways that affect daily physical activity. One promising approach, although not designed specifically to target physical activity, are attempts to increase transit use (e.g., bus, light rail). Cross-sectional findings suggest that transit users accumulate significant amounts of physical activity by walking to/from transit access points (e.g., bus stops) and have lower chronic disease risk. Unfortunately, transit use in the U.S. is low, but there is growing interest in increasing transit se to reduce fossil fuel energy consumption and congestion. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is becoming an increasingly popular strategy to try to increase transit use in the U.S. and elsewhere. This alternative to regular bus service reduces commute times, improves service reliability, and is also markedly cheaper to initiate and implement than light rail. In spring 2014, King County Metro Transit will begin BRT service on the final two lines of its BRT system. This study takes advantage of this natural experiment and aims to examine the change in physical activity, specifically transit-related walking, in a prospective cohort design involving individuals living close to BRT (n=342) versus those living farther away from BRT (n=342) but who are otherwise similar demographically and in initial built environment. Before, soon after, and >2 years after BRT begins, participants will wear accelerometer and global positioning systems (GPS) devices for 7 days and record travel behavior. These data are integrated provide reliable and valid measures of physical activity, walking, and travel behavior. This study will also examine potential mediators of the relationship between BRT exposure and physical activity. Attitudes about travel (to be measured by survey) have the potential to change from before to after BRT as In Motion, a neighborhood-based social-marketing and incentive program that encourages residents to decrease drive- alone travel, will be implemented by the local transit agency along these new BRT lines. In addition, the change in built environment near and at BRT stations, particularly environmental factors known to influence walking, will be investigated as potential mediators. Finally, this study seeks to obtain critical cost effectiveness information needed by decision makers, inputting the costs of BRT implementation (relative to regular bus service) versus the likely benefits of increased physical activity and lower injury. Findings from this timey health-oriented evaluation of BRT will inform decision makers about the potential for infrastructure changes to impact the critical health behavior of physical activity, as well as the relative costs and health-related benefits of such changes. PUBLIC HEALTH: Inadequate physical activity is common among U.S. adults and is a significant contributor to chronic disease. It is critical to evaluate the impact of major transportation infrastructure changes on physical activity and their cost effectiveness from a health perspective. Such evaluation will guide future strategies to improve public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：缺乏足够的身体活动对健康有许多负面影响，但大多数美国成年人未能达到甚至最低的建议每日身体活动水平。大多数程序性干预措施侧重于增加娱乐性体育活动，但初期效果不大，长期效果甚至较弱，只招收少数有动机的人，随后对公共卫生的影响有限。另一种方法是以影响日常身体活动的方式改变环境、基础设施或政策。一种有希望的方法，虽然不是专门针对身体活动设计的，是试图增加交通工具的使用（例如，公共汽车，轻轨）。横断面调查结果表明，公共交通使用者通过步行往返公共交通接入点（如公交车站）积累了大量的身体活动，患慢性病的风险较低。不幸的是，美国的公交使用率很低，但人们越来越有兴趣增加公交使用率，以减少化石燃料的能源消耗和拥堵。在美国和其他地方，快速公交（BRT）正成为一种越来越受欢迎的策略，试图增加公共交通的使用。这种替代常规公交服务的方式减少了通勤时间，提高了服务可靠性，而且启动和实施成本也明显低于轻轨。2014年春天，金县地铁将在其BRT系统的最后两条线路上开始BRT服务。本研究利用了这一自然实验的优势，旨在通过前瞻性队列设计来研究身体活动的变化，特别是与交通相关的步行，该队列设计涉及居住在BRT附近的个体（n=342）与居住在BRT附近的个体（n=342），但他们在人口统计学上和初始建筑环境中相似。在BRT开始之前，之后不久，以及2年后，参与者将佩戴加速度计和全球定位系统（GPS）设备7天并记录旅行行为。这些数据被整合起来，为身体活动、步行和旅行行为提供了可靠和有效的衡量标准。本研究还将研究BRT暴露与身体活动之间关系的潜在中介。人们对出行的态度（通过调查来衡量）有可能从BRT之前改变到BRT之后。In Motion是一项基于社区的社会营销和激励计划，鼓励居民减少独自驾车出行，将由当地交通机构在这些新的BRT线路上实施。此外，BRT站点附近和站点内建成环境的变化，特别是已知会影响步行的环境因素，将作为潜在的调节因素进行调查。最后，本研究试图获得决策者所需的关键成本效益信息，输入BRT实施的成本（相对于常规公交服务）与增加身体活动和减少伤害的可能好处。这项及时的以健康为导向的BRT评估结果将告知决策者，基础设施变化可能影响身体活动的关键健康行为，以及此类变化的相对成本和健康相关收益。