Structural & Programmatic Effects of Bus Rapid Transit on Physical Activity

结构性

• 批准号: 8695048
• 负责人: BRIAN E SAELENS
• 金额: $ 44.52万
• 依托单位: SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8695048
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Collection; Commuting; Consumption; County; Data; Data Collection; Devices; Diabetes Mellitus; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Funding; Future; Happiness; Health; Health Care Costs; Health behavior; Incentives; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Investments; Lead; Life; Light; Long-Term Effects; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Motion; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Participant; Physical activity; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Process; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research Infrastructure; Savings; Services; Signal Transduction; Social Marketing; Surveys; System; Time; Transportation; Travel; Urban Health; Walking; base; cardiovascular disorder prevention; cohort; computerized data processing; cost; cost effectiveness; demographics; density; design; disorder risk; fossil fuel energy; health economics; improved; interest; meetings; mortality; programs; prospective; satisfaction; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lack of adequate physical activity has numerous negative health consequences, but the majority of U.S. adults fail to attain even minimal recommended levels of daily physical activity. Most programmatic interventions focus on increasing recreational physical activity, but have modest initial and even weaker long-term effects, enroll only the motivated few, and subsequently have limited public health impact. An alternative approach is changing environments, infrastructure, or policies in ways that affect daily physical activity. One promising approach, although not designed specifically to target physical activity, are attempts to increase transit use (e.g., bus, light rail). Cross-sectional findings suggest that transit users accumulate significant amounts of physical activity by walking to/from transit access points (e.g., bus stops) and have lower chronic disease risk. Unfortunately, transit use in the U.S. is low, but there is growing interest in increasing transit se to reduce fossil fuel energy consumption and congestion. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is becoming an increasingly popular strategy to try to increase transit use in the U.S. and elsewhere. This alternative to regular bus service reduces commute times, improves service reliability, and is also markedly cheaper to initiate and implement than light rail. In spring 2014, King County Metro Transit will begin BRT service on the final two lines of its BRT system. This study takes advantage of this natural experiment and aims to examine the change in physical activity, specifically transit-related walking, in a prospective cohort design involving individuals living close to BRT (n=342) versus those living farther away from BRT (n=342) but who are otherwise similar demographically and in initial built environment. Before, soon after, and >2 years after BRT begins, participants will wear accelerometer and global positioning systems (GPS) devices for 7 days and record travel behavior. These data are integrated provide reliable and valid measures of physical activity, walking, and travel behavior. This study will also examine potential mediators of the relationship between BRT exposure and physical activity. Attitudes about travel (to be measured by survey) have the potential to change from before to after BRT as In Motion, a neighborhood-based social-marketing and incentive program that encourages residents to decrease drive- alone travel, will be implemented by the local transit agency along these new BRT lines. In addition, the change in built environment near and at BRT stations, particularly environmental factors known to influence walking, will be investigated as potential mediators. Finally, this study seeks to obtain critical cost effectiveness information needed by decision makers, inputting the costs of BRT implementation (relative to regular bus service) versus the likely benefits of increased physical activity and lower injury. Findings from this timey health-oriented evaluation of BRT will inform decision makers about the potential for infrastructure changes to impact the critical health behavior of physical activity, as well as the relative costs and health-related benefits of such changes. PUBLIC HEALTH: Inadequate physical activity is common among U.S. adults and is a significant contributor to chronic disease. It is critical to evaluate the impact of major transportation infrastructure changes on physical activity and their cost effectiveness from a health perspective. Such evaluation will guide future strategies to improve public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：缺乏足够的体育锻炼会带来许多负面的健康后果，但大多数美国成年人甚至无法达到最少的每日体育锻炼水平。大多数程序性干预措施都集中在增加娱乐性体育锻炼，但具有适度的初始效果甚至较弱的长期影响，仅招募有动力的少数，随后对公共卫生的影响有限。另一种方法是以影响日常体育锻炼的方式改变环境，基础设施或政策。一种有希望的方法，尽管不是专门针对身体活动的专门设计的，它是试图增加过境使用的尝试（例如，巴士，轻轨）。横截面发现表明，过境使用者通过步行到过境接入点（例如，公交车站）而积累了大量的体育活动，并且具有较低的慢性疾病风险。不幸的是，美国的过境使用量很低，但是人们对增加过境SE的兴趣越来越多，以减少化石燃料的能源消耗和充血。巴士快速运输（BRT）正在成为一种越来越受欢迎的战略，以增加美国和其他地方的运输使用。常规公交服务的这种替代方案减少了通勤时间，提高了服务的可靠性，并且比轻轨比轻轨更便宜。 2014年春季，金县地铁运输公司将在其BRT系统的最后两条线上开始BRT服务。这项研究利用了这项自然实验的优势，旨在检查体育锻炼的变化，特别是与过境相关的步行，这是在涉及靠近BRT（n = 342）的个人的前瞻性队列设计中，而靠离BRT较远的人（n = 342），但在人口统计学上和最初的建筑环境中却是相似的。在BRT开始后不久，不久之后，> 2年之后，参与者将佩戴加速度计和全球定位系统（GPS）设备7天，并记录旅行行为。这些数据是集成的，提供了可靠且有效的体育锻炼，步行和旅行行为的衡量标准。这项研究还将检查BRT暴露与体育活动之间关系的潜在介体。对旅行的态度（通过调查来衡量）有可能从以前到BRT AS AS IN Motion，这是一个基于社区的社交营销和激励计划，鼓励居民降低驾驶 - 单独的旅行 - 将由当地运输机构沿着这些新的BRT线实施。此外，将对BRT站附近和BRT站的建筑环境的变化（尤其是已知影响步行的环境因素）的变化将被研究为潜在的调解人。最后，这项研究旨在获得决策者所需的关键成本效益信息，以投入BRT实施成本（相对于常规公共汽车服务），以及可能增加体育锻炼和减少伤害的可能收益。这段时间的调查结果是，以健康为导向的BRT​​评估将为决策者提供基础设施变化的潜力，以影响体育活动的关键健康行为，以及此类变化的相对成本和与健康相关的收益。 公共卫生：体育活动不足在美国成年人中很常见，是导致慢性疾病的重要原因。从健康的角度来评估主要运输基础设施变化对体育活动及其成本效益的影响至关重要。这种评估将指导未来的策略来改善公共卫生。