Structural & Programmatic Effects of Bus Rapid Transit on Physical Activity

结构性

• 批准号: 8695048
• 负责人: BRIAN E SAELENS
• 金额: $ 44.52万
• 依托单位: SEATTLE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-05-01 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8695048
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Area; Attitude; Behavior; Characteristics; Chronic Disease; Collection; Commuting; Consumption; County; Data; Data Collection; Devices; Diabetes Mellitus; Enrollment; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Evaluation; Funding; Future; Happiness; Health; Health Care Costs; Health behavior; Incentives; Individual; Injury; Intervention; Investments; Lead; Life; Light; Long-Term Effects; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Mediating; Mediator of activation protein; Modification; Morbidity - disease rate; Motion; Natural experiment; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Osteoporosis; Participant; Physical activity; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Process; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research Infrastructure; Savings; Services; Signal Transduction; Social Marketing; Surveys; System; Time; Transportation; Travel; Urban Health; Walking; base; cardiovascular disorder prevention; cohort; computerized data processing; cost; cost effectiveness; demographics; density; design; disorder risk; fossil fuel energy; health economics; improved; interest; meetings; mortality; programs; prospective; satisfaction; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lack of adequate physical activity has numerous negative health consequences, but the majority of U.S. adults fail to attain even minimal recommended levels of daily physical activity. Most programmatic interventions focus on increasing recreational physical activity, but have modest initial and even weaker long-term effects, enroll only the motivated few, and subsequently have limited public health impact. An alternative approach is changing environments, infrastructure, or policies in ways that affect daily physical activity. One promising approach, although not designed specifically to target physical activity, are attempts to increase transit use (e.g., bus, light rail). Cross-sectional findings suggest that transit users accumulate significant amounts of physical activity by walking to/from transit access points (e.g., bus stops) and have lower chronic disease risk. Unfortunately, transit use in the U.S. is low, but there is growing interest in increasing transit se to reduce fossil fuel energy consumption and congestion. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is becoming an increasingly popular strategy to try to increase transit use in the U.S. and elsewhere. This alternative to regular bus service reduces commute times, improves service reliability, and is also markedly cheaper to initiate and implement than light rail. In spring 2014, King County Metro Transit will begin BRT service on the final two lines of its BRT system. This study takes advantage of this natural experiment and aims to examine the change in physical activity, specifically transit-related walking, in a prospective cohort design involving individuals living close to BRT (n=342) versus those living farther away from BRT (n=342) but who are otherwise similar demographically and in initial built environment. Before, soon after, and >2 years after BRT begins, participants will wear accelerometer and global positioning systems (GPS) devices for 7 days and record travel behavior. These data are integrated provide reliable and valid measures of physical activity, walking, and travel behavior. This study will also examine potential mediators of the relationship between BRT exposure and physical activity. Attitudes about travel (to be measured by survey) have the potential to change from before to after BRT as In Motion, a neighborhood-based social-marketing and incentive program that encourages residents to decrease drive- alone travel, will be implemented by the local transit agency along these new BRT lines. In addition, the change in built environment near and at BRT stations, particularly environmental factors known to influence walking, will be investigated as potential mediators. Finally, this study seeks to obtain critical cost effectiveness information needed by decision makers, inputting the costs of BRT implementation (relative to regular bus service) versus the likely benefits of increased physical activity and lower injury. Findings from this timey health-oriented evaluation of BRT will inform decision makers about the potential for infrastructure changes to impact the critical health behavior of physical activity, as well as the relative costs and health-related benefits of such changes. PUBLIC HEALTH: Inadequate physical activity is common among U.S. adults and is a significant contributor to chronic disease. It is critical to evaluate the impact of major transportation infrastructure changes on physical activity and their cost effectiveness from a health perspective. Such evaluation will guide future strategies to improve public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：缺乏足够的身体活动会对健康产生许多负面影响，但大多数美国成年人甚至无法达到每日建议的最低身体活动水平。大多数计划性干预措施侧重于增加娱乐性体育活动，但初始效果有限，长期效果甚至更弱，只招募了少数有积极性的人，因此对公共健康的影响有限。另一种方法是以影响日常身体活动的方式改变环境、基础设施或政策。一种有前途的方法是尝试增加交通使用（例如公共汽车、轻轨），尽管不是专门针对身体活动而设计的。横断面研究结果表明，公共交通使用者通过步行往返公共交通接入点（例如公交车站）积累了大量的体力活动，并且慢性病风险较低。不幸的是，美国的交通使用率很低，但人们越来越有兴趣增加交通服务，以减少化石燃料能源消耗和拥堵。快速公交 (BRT) 正在成为一种越来越受欢迎的策略，旨在增加美国和其他地区的交通使用率。这种常规公交服务的替代方案减少了通勤时间，提高了服务可靠性，而且启动和实施的成本也明显低于轻轨。 2014 年春季，King County Metro Transit 将在其 BRT 系统的最后两条线路上开始提供 BRT 服务。本研究利用这一自然实验，旨在通过一项前瞻性队列设计，研究身体活动的变化，特别是与交通相关的步行，其中涉及居住在靠近 BRT 的个体 (n=342) 和居住在远离 BRT 的个体 (n=342)，但在人口统计和初始建成环境中其他方面相似。 BRT 开始之前、之后不久以及之后 2 年以上，参与者将佩戴加速计和全球定位系统 (GPS) 设备 7 天并记录出行行为。这些数据经过整合，可提供可靠且有效的身体活动、步行和出行行为测量。这项研究还将探讨 BRT 暴露与体力活动之间关系的潜在中介因素。由于 In Motion 是一项以社区为基础的社会营销和激励计划，旨在鼓励居民减少独自驾车出行，因此 BRT 之前和之后的出行态度（将通过调查衡量）有可能发生变化，该计划将由当地交通机构沿着这些新的 BRT 线路实施。此外，BRT车站附近和车站内建筑环境的变化，特别是已知影响步行的环境因素，将作为潜在的中介因素进行调查。最后，本研究旨在获取决策者所需的关键成本效益信息，输入 BRT 实施成本（相对于常规公交服务）与增加体力活动和减少伤害可能带来的好处。这次以健康为导向的 BRT 及时评估的结果将使决策者了解基础设施变化对身体活动的关键健康行为产生影响的可能性，以及此类变化的相对成本和与健康相关的益处。 公共卫生：身体活动不足在美国成年人中很常见，并且是导致慢性疾病的重要原因。从健康角度评估主要交通基础设施变化对身体活动及其成本效益的影响至关重要。此类评估将指导未来改善公共卫生的战略。