Social factors in the mental health of young adults: Bridging psychological and network analysis

年轻人心理健康的社会因素：桥接心理和网络分析

• 批准号: 10186567
• 负责人: Jamil Zaki
• 金额: $ 78.58万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-05-01 至 2026-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10186567
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Affect; Affective; Anxiety; Basic Science; Biological; Brain; Brain imaging; COVID-19 pandemic; Cognitive; Communities; Data; Data Set; Distress; Down-Regulation; Ecological momentary assessment; Emotions; Empathy; Exhibits; Face; Fostering; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Incidence; Individual; Interpersonal Relations; Intervention; Investigation; Life; Loneliness; Long-Term Effects; Maintenance; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Microclimate; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Neurosciences; Outcome; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Personal Satisfaction; Play; Policies; Population; Positioning Attribute; Public Health; Recovery; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Sampling; Scanning; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Social Network; Social Psychology; Social support; Source; Stress; Students; Surveys; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Universities; Work; behavior measurement; burden of illness; career; cohort; college; digital media; emotion regulation; experience; falls; follow-up; indexing; negative affect; neuroimaging; novel; pandemic disease; peer; peer support; predictive modeling; psychologic; recruit; relating to nervous system; resilience; social; social factors; stress management; stressor; tool; undergraduate student; university student; young adult

PROJECT SUMMARY The purpose of this project is to examine social factors in the long-term mental health of young adults. Depression, anxiety, and loneliness have steeply risen among college and university students in the last decades, creating an enormous public health burden. Mental health difficulties promise to intensify during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, making it especially urgent to examine and amplify sources of resilience among young adults. Decades of evidence demonstrate that social connectedness, in the form of subjective belonging, objective social ties, and supportive interpersonal interactions, bolster mental health in several key ways. We propose that connectedness early in college, and students’ ability to regulate their emotions through social interactions, could play a pivotal role in encouraging long-term mental health. Though foundational, past work is limited in its ability to test these predictions because it typically examines (i) dyadic relationships rather than broader networks, (ii) the effect of small numbers of social factors, independently, and (iii) short time spans. These limitations are especially relevant to undergraduate settings, as student social life is centered in broad communities on which individuals depend for social support. This project will merge tools from social psychology, network analysis, and neuroscience to provide a rich, precise, and longitudinal account of how social connectedness supports young adult mental health over time. Our team has mapped the social networks formed by a large (n > 850) cohort of incoming university students, and combined this with ecological momentary assessment of students’ interactions and indices of mental health. We have found novel evidence that (i) “social microclimates,” such as the empathy of a student’s neighbors, affect individual well being, (ii) students search their social networks for supportive peers when under stress, (iii) peer interactions mitigate stress over time, and (iv) lonely students under-perceive close social ties, and under-utilize social resources. Here, we will expand this work in several ways. First, we will incorporate a longitudinal approach: measuring students’ connectedness and well being over their college career. We will combine these data with cutting-edge predictive modeling to quantify how social ties formed early in college relate to well being in later years, as well as students’ subsequent “mental health trajectories.” Second, we will recruit a longitudinal replication cohort to establish the robustness of our effects. Third, we will build on previous neuroimaging work of our team to probe neural “signatures” of social connectedness and examine their relationship to other measures of connection, and to well being, over time. At the level of basic science, this project will represent a novel, naturalistic approach to the study of social factors in mental health, and produce a large-scale, multifaceted dataset, which will be made publicly available to facilitate the collaborative and cumulative study of social connection. At a translational level, the resulting data can pave the way for policies aimed at fostering stronger social ties—and mental health—among a broad swath of the population.

项目概要 该项目的目的是研究影响年轻人长期心理健康的社会因素。 去年，大学生的抑郁、焦虑和孤独感急剧上升 几十年来，造成了巨大的公共卫生负担。心理健康困难有望在期间和期间加剧 在 COVID-19 大流行之后，检查和扩大人们的复原力来源变得尤为紧迫 年轻人。数十年的证据表明，主观形式的社会联系 归属感、客观的社会关系和支持性的人际互动，在几个关键方面促进心理健康 方式。我们建议大学早期的连通性以及学生通过以下方式调节情绪的能力： 社会互动可以在促进长期心理健康方面发挥关键作用。虽然是基础性的，但过去 工作测试这些预测的能力有限，因为它通常检查（i）二元关系而不是 比更广泛的网络，（ii）少数社会因素的独立影响，以及（iii）短时间 跨度。这些限制与本科生环境尤其相关，因为学生的社交生活集中在 个人赖以获得社会支持的广泛社区。该项目将合并社交工具 心理学、网络分析和神经科学提供了丰富、精确和纵向的描述 随着时间的推移，社会联系如何支持年轻人的心理健康。我们的团队已经绘制了地图 由大量（n > 850）即将入学的大学生组成的社交网络，并将其与 学生互动和心理健康指数的生态瞬时评估。我们发现了小说 有证据表明（i）“社会小气候”，例如学生邻居的同理心，可以很好地影响个人 (ii) 学生在压力下在社交网络中寻找支持的同伴，(iii) 同伴互动 随着时间的推移减轻压力，并且（iv）孤独的学生感知不到密切的社会关系，并且没有充分利用社交 资源。在这里，我们将从几个方面扩展这项工作。首先，我们将纵向纳入 方法：衡量学生在大学生涯中的联系和幸福感。我们将结合 这些数据采用尖端的预测模型来量化大学早期形成的社会关系如何与 晚年的健康状况，以及学生随后的“心理健康轨迹”。二、我们将招募 纵向复制队列以确定我们效果的稳健性。第三，我们将在以往的基础上 我们团队的神经影像学工作旨在探索社会联系的神经“特征”并检查它们 随着时间的推移，与其他联系指标以及幸福感的关系。在基础科学层面，这 项目将代表一种新颖的、自然主义的方法来研究心理健康中的社会因素，并产生 一个大规模、多方面的数据集，该数据集将公开提供，以促进协作和 社会联系的累积研究。在转化层面，生成的数据可以为政策铺平道路 旨在促进广大人民之间更牢固的社会联系和心理健康。