Autonomic Nervous System Functioning in Heavy Drinking Adolescents: Interactions with sleep, circadian functioning, and health

项目摘要/摘要 大量饮酒在青少年和年轻人中非常普遍，可能导致危险的行为和 对健康的影响。青春期和青春期饮酒增加的具体风险机制 都没有被很好地理解。心脏和大脑之间通过神经网络的持续交流是 对睡眠和昼夜节律等基本调节过程以及对应激源和 在一个人所处的环境中得到回报。在有酒精使用障碍的成年人中，功能较差的ANS(即，心脏下沉- 心率变异性[HRV]和压力反射敏感性[BRS])与更大的报告渴望和 酗酒行为；然而，目前尚不清楚ANS功能与重度饮酒之间的关系。 青少年酒精使用障碍的阈值。该应用程序寻求检查自主神经 心血管探头指示的系统(ANS)功能及其与饮酒、渴求、 以及青少年/年轻人样本中的线索反应性，以阐明重型心脏病的潜在风险机制 酗酒者。应用程序的中心前提是ANS的功能：1)对一个人的自我能力至关重要 调节情绪反应，特别调节对与以下因素相关的内部和外部提示的反应 酒精的使用，以及2)酒精的使用受到急性和长期的影响，这会级联到对 睡眠和昼夜节律功能。量化酒精使用与晚期ANS功能之间的关系 青春期是理解预防和预防的其他潜在影响的重要第一步 干预。因此，该项目将侧重于评估ANS功能的心血管指数 睡眠和昼夜节律功能，以及个体在一个月内的情绪和线索反应。要完成 为了达到这些目标，这项研究将招募青春期晚期酗酒者(HD，n=50；年龄18-20岁)以及年龄和性别。 在一项为期4周的研究中，匹配的不饮酒对照组(Con，n=50)。静息状态的HRV和BRS将 每周测量(总共5倍)，影响评分将在4周内每天收集，同时饮酒 同时进行HRV评估的提示-反应任务将收集两次(第一周和上周)。初级阶段 当前方案的目标是：1)在一个月内识别ANS功能和线索反应性的差异 HD和CON之间的关系；2)量化ANS功能与渴望、睡眠、情绪、 和物质使用。应聘者将利用他在ANS评估中的培训来测试HD是否表现出 与饮酒有关的ANS功能、影响和线索反应性的差异。通过以下方式证实更改 多种方式(例如，心血管功能和自我报告的测量)将产生生物、心理和社会 透视潜在的潜在机制。候选人的长期目标是确定 在更年轻的样品中使用物质的风险，并利用ANS作为 预防和干预工作的潜在目标。

Project Summary/ Abstract Heavy drinking is highly prevalent in adolescents and young adults and can lead to dangerous behavioral and health consequences. Specific mechanisms of risk for escalating drinking in adolescence and young adulthood are not well understood. The continuous communication between the heart and brain through the ANS is critical to basic regulatory processes like sleep and circadian rhythms, as well as to responses to stressors and rewards in one’s environment. In adults with alcohol use disorders, poorer ANS functioning (i.e., lower heart- rate variability [HRV] and baroreflex sensitivity [BRS]) are associated with greater reported craving and alcohol-seeking behavior; however, it is unclear how ANS functioning relates to heavy drinking below the threshold of alcohol use disorders in adolescents. The application seeks to examine autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning, as indexed by cardiovascular probes, and its relationship to alcohol use, craving, and cue-reactivity in an adolescent/young adult sample to elucidate a potential mechanism of risk in heavy alcohol users. The central premise of the application is that ANS functioning: 1) is critical to one’s ability to self- regulate emotional response and specifically regulate responses to internal and external cues related to alcohol use, and 2) is affected acutely and chronically by alcohol use, which cascades to negative effects on sleep and circadian functioning. Quantifying the relationship between alcohol use and ANS functioning in late adolescence is an important first step in understanding other potential implications for prevention and intervention. Accordingly, this project will focus on assessing cardiovascular indices of ANS functioning along with sleep and circadian functioning, and individuals’ affect and cue-reactivity over one month. To accomplish these aims, the study will enlist late adolescent Heavy Drinkers (HD, n = 50; ages 18-20) and age- and sex- matched non-drinking Controls (CON, n = 50) in a 4-week study. Resting-state HRV and BRS will be measured weekly (5x total), and affect ratings will be gathered daily throughout the 4 weeks, while an alcohol cue-reactivity task with simultaneous HRV assessment will be gathered twice (first and last week). The primary aims of the current protocol are to: 1) identify differences in ANS function and cue-reactivity over a month between HD and CON, and 2) quantify the relations between ANS functioning and craving, sleep, affect, and substance use. The candidate will use his training in ANS assessment to test whether HD exhibit differences in ANS functioning, affect, and cue-reactivity related to their alcohol use. Corroborating changes via multiple modalities (e.g., cardiovascular functioning and self-reported measures) will yield a biopsychosocial perspective on the potential underlying mechanisms. The candidate’s long-term goals are to identify markers of risk for substance use in even younger samples and to leverage the malleability of ANS functioning as a potential target of prevention and intervention efforts.