Technology Use and Emerging Executive Functioning in Early Childhood

幼儿期的技术使用和新兴的执行功能

• 批准号: 10207071
• 负责人: JENNY S RADESKY
• 金额: $ 52.4万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-19 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10207071
• 关键词: 2 year old; 8 year old; Address; Adoption; Age; Algorithms; American; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Cellular Phone; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Code; Communities; Complex; Computers; Development; Devices; Disadvantaged; Education; Educational workshop; Emotional; Equation; Family; Frequencies; Guidelines; Habits; Home visitation; Hour; Household; Income; Individual; Informal Social Control; Interruption; Interview; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Modeling; Modernization; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pediatric Research; Play; Policies; Population; Problem Solving; Psyche structure; Psychosocial Stress; Recommendation; Regulation; Research; Resources; Rewards; Sampling; Shapes; Standardization; Stress; Structure; Surveys; Tablets; Technology; Television; Testing; Time; Toddler; attentional control; base; cognitive process; computer human interaction; design; digital; digital media; early childhood; evidence base; executive function; experience; handheld mobile device; lower income families; novel; psychosocial stressors; sex; social media; touchscreen; tv watching; virtual

ABSTRACT The rapid adoption of mobile and interactive technologies by American families has outpaced research on their potential effects on child development and health. Much prior research on television (TV) and older forms of media relied upon parent recall of global constructs such as “screen time,” which may not be a complete representation of family media use now that parents and children use mobile and interactive devices in an intermittent, on-demand manner throughout the day. As highlighted at the 2018 NICHD scientific workshop on Media Exposure and Early Child Development, the design affordances of mobile and interactive media differ from TV in several important ways, and deserve novel scientific paradigms to describe how children and families use media. The proposed project will fill these gaps in scientific knowledge by testing a conceptual framework informed by human-computer interaction that examines how parent and child mobile media use influence the development of child executive functioning (EF). We will examine mechanisms of these associations, including changes in quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities, and test whether effects are moderated by child sex and family psychosocial stress. The proposed research comprises 2 studies. Study 1 involves semi-structured interviews with 40 parents from diverse backgrounds, to explore parents’ conceptualizations of problematic design affordances and inform our measures for Study 2, a longitudinal cohort study of 400 parent-toddler dyads followed yearly from age 2 to age 4. At each yearly home visit, we will assess media use via surveys, mobile sampling, and app design coding, as well as standardized video-recorded assessments of child executive functioning (EF) and parent-child interaction. In specific aim 1, we will use structural equation models to examine bidirectional, longitudinal associations between parent mobile media use (duration, frequency, and problematic design affordances) and child EF, testing both direct pathways and mediation by quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities. In specific aim 2, we will examine bidirectional longitudinal associations between child mobile media (use for regulatory purposes, duration, and problematic design affordances) and EF, testing both direct pathways and mediation by quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities. Finally, we will examine how child sex and psychosocial stressors moderate associations between parent and child media use and EF. Our findings will contribute to the evidence base upon which digital media guidelines are based, as well as digital design approaches that reflect the needs of families with young children. In addition, our attention to modeling bidirectional associations and articulating individual child, parent, and design affordance factors in the context of early EF development will inform development of both precise behavioral interventions and recommendations for population-level digital design and policy.

抽象的 美国家庭对移动和交互技术的迅速采用已经超过了对其的研究 对儿童发育和健康的潜在影响。先前对电视（TV）和旧形式的研究 媒体依赖于家长对“屏幕时间”等全球结构的回忆，这可能不是完整的 由于父母和孩子同时使用移动和交互设备，因此家庭媒体使用的代表性 全天间歇性、按需方式。正如 2018 年 NICHD 科学研讨会所强调的 媒体接触和儿童早期发展，移动媒体和互动媒体的设计可供性不同 电视中的一些重要方式，值得新颖的科学范式来描述儿童和 家庭使用媒体。拟议的项目将通过测试概念来填补科学知识的这些空白 以人机交互为基础的框架，检查父母和孩子如何使用移动媒体 影响儿童执行功能（EF）的发展。我们将研究这些机制 协会，包括亲子互动质量和 EF 建设活动频率的变化， 并测试影响是否会受到儿童性别和家庭社会心理压力的调节。拟议的研究 包括 2 项研究。研究 1 涉及对 40 位来自不同背景的家长进行半结构化访谈，以 探索家长对有问题的设计可供性的概念化，并为我们的研究 2 的措施提供信息，研究 2 每年对 400 名 2 岁至 4 岁的父母-幼儿二人组进行纵向队列研究。每年在每个家庭进行一次 访问期间，我们将通过调查、移动采样、应用程序设计编码以及标准化来评估媒体使用情况 对儿童执行功能（EF）和亲子互动的视频记录评估。在具体目标1中， 我们将使用结构方程模型来检查父级之间的双向纵向关联 移动媒体使用（持续时间、频率和有问题的设计可供性）和儿童 EF，直接测试 通过亲子互动的质量和 EF 建设活动的频率进行途径和中介。具体来说 目标 2，我们将研究儿童移动媒体之间的双向纵向关联（用于监管 目的、持续时间和有问题的设计可供性）和 EF，测试直接路径和中介 根据亲子互动的质量和 EF 建设活动的频率。最后，我们将检查孩子如何 性别和社会心理压力源调节父母和儿童媒体使用与 EF 之间的关联。我们的 研究结果将有助于数字媒体指南以及数字媒体指南所依据的证据基础 设计方法反映有幼儿的家庭的需求。此外，我们对造型的关注 双向关联并在上下文中阐明个体儿童、父母和设计可供性因素 早期 EF 的发展将为精确的行为干预和 人口层面数字设计和政策的建议。