Technology Use and Emerging Executive Functioning in Early Childhood

幼儿期的技术使用和新兴的执行功能

• 批准号: 10394931
• 负责人: JENNY S RADESKY
• 金额: $ 64.98万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-19 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10394931
• 关键词: 2 year old; 8 year old; Address; Adoption; Age; Algorithms; American; Attention; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Cellular Phone; Child; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Code; Communities; Complex; Computers; Development; Devices; Disadvantaged; Education; Educational workshop; Emotional; Equation; Family; Frequencies; Guidelines; Habits; Home visitation; Hour; Household; Income; Individual; Informal Social Control; Interruption; Interview; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Learning; Life; Longitudinal cohort study; Measurement; Measures; Mediation; Modeling; Modernization; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Pathway interactions; Pediatric Research; Play; Policies; Population; Problem Solving; Psyche structure; Psychosocial Stress; Recommendation; Regulation; Research; Resources; Rewards; Sampling; Shapes; Standardization; Stress; Structure; Surveys; Tablets; Technology; Television; Testing; Time; Toddler; attentional control; base; cognitive process; computer human interaction; design; digital; digital media; early childhood; evidence base; executive function; experience; handheld mobile device; lower income families; novel; psychosocial stressors; sex; social media; touchscreen; tv watching; virtual

ABSTRACT The rapid adoption of mobile and interactive technologies by American families has outpaced research on their potential effects on child development and health. Much prior research on television (TV) and older forms of media relied upon parent recall of global constructs such as “screen time,” which may not be a complete representation of family media use now that parents and children use mobile and interactive devices in an intermittent, on-demand manner throughout the day. As highlighted at the 2018 NICHD scientific workshop on Media Exposure and Early Child Development, the design affordances of mobile and interactive media differ from TV in several important ways, and deserve novel scientific paradigms to describe how children and families use media. The proposed project will fill these gaps in scientific knowledge by testing a conceptual framework informed by human-computer interaction that examines how parent and child mobile media use influence the development of child executive functioning (EF). We will examine mechanisms of these associations, including changes in quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities, and test whether effects are moderated by child sex and family psychosocial stress. The proposed research comprises 2 studies. Study 1 involves semi-structured interviews with 40 parents from diverse backgrounds, to explore parents’ conceptualizations of problematic design affordances and inform our measures for Study 2, a longitudinal cohort study of 400 parent-toddler dyads followed yearly from age 2 to age 4. At each yearly home visit, we will assess media use via surveys, mobile sampling, and app design coding, as well as standardized video-recorded assessments of child executive functioning (EF) and parent-child interaction. In specific aim 1, we will use structural equation models to examine bidirectional, longitudinal associations between parent mobile media use (duration, frequency, and problematic design affordances) and child EF, testing both direct pathways and mediation by quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities. In specific aim 2, we will examine bidirectional longitudinal associations between child mobile media (use for regulatory purposes, duration, and problematic design affordances) and EF, testing both direct pathways and mediation by quality of parent-child interaction and frequency of EF-building activities. Finally, we will examine how child sex and psychosocial stressors moderate associations between parent and child media use and EF. Our findings will contribute to the evidence base upon which digital media guidelines are based, as well as digital design approaches that reflect the needs of families with young children. In addition, our attention to modeling bidirectional associations and articulating individual child, parent, and design affordance factors in the context of early EF development will inform development of both precise behavioral interventions and recommendations for population-level digital design and policy.

抽象的 美国家庭迅速采用移动和互动技术的研究超过了他们的研究 对儿童发育和健康的潜在影响。电视（电视）和旧形式的许多先前的研究 媒体依靠父母对全球构造（例如“屏幕时间””等全局构造的回忆，这可能不是完整的 现在，家庭媒体使用的代表是，父母和孩子使用移动和互动设备 全天间歇性，按需方式。正如2018年NICHD科学研讨会上强调的那样 媒体曝光和早期儿童发展，设计提供了移动和交互式媒体的不同 通过几种重要的方式从电视发出，应该得到新颖的科学范式来描述孩子和如何 家庭使用媒体。拟议的项目将通过测试概念的科学知识来填补这些空白 由人类计算机互动告知的框架，研究了父母和儿童移动媒体的使用方式 影响儿童执行功能（EF）的发展。我们将检查这些机制 关联，包括父母互动质量的变化和EF构建活动的频率， 并测试儿童性别和家庭社会心理压力是否适应影响。拟议的研究 包括2项研究。研究1涉及与来自潜水员背景的40位父母的半结构化访谈， 探索父母对问题设计的概念化的概念，并为我们的研究2提供了信息。 从2岁到4岁的年龄段的400个父母二二二重奏的纵向队列研究。 访问，我们将通过调查，移动采样和应用程序设计编码以及标准化评估媒体使用 对儿童执行功能（EF）和亲子互动的视频评估。在特定的目标1中， 我们将使用结构等效模型来检查父母之间的双向纵向关联 移动媒体使用（持续时间，频率和问题设计负担能力）和儿童EF，两种直接测试 父子互动的质量和EF构建活动频率的途径和调解。具体 AIM 2，我们将检查儿童移动媒体之间的双向纵向关联（用于监管 目的，持续时间和问题设计负担能力）和EF，测试直接途径和调解 通过亲子互动的质量和EF构建活动的频率。最后，我们将研究孩子如何 性别和社会心理压力源与儿童媒体使用与EF之间的中等关联。我们的 调查结果将有助于证据基于数字媒体指南以及数字的基础 设计方法反映了有小孩的家庭的需求。此外，我们对建模的关注 双向关联和表达各个背景下的孩子，父母和设计负担因素 EF早期开发将为发展提供精度行为干预措施和 针对人口级数字设计和政策的建议。