Longitudinal associations between preschooler emotion regulation, executive function, and digital media use.

项目总结 先前的研究发现，儿童早期情绪调节、执行功能和 过度或低质量的媒体使用。然而，这些研究一直受到限制，因为它们只检查 电视和视频--不是越来越普遍的移动设备，如智能手机和平板电脑--而且 它们假定媒体使用和儿童发展之间存在单向关系。由 儿童发展的交易性(即Sameroff，1975)，这项研究旨在考察双向的， 情绪调节、执行功能和儿童某些方面之间的纵向联系 媒体使用与儿童如何使用现代移动和互动技术有关。尤其是因为 在儿童一天中，移动设备可以带到任何地方，提供更短的游戏化游戏 经验，它们可能会对孩子的结果产生质的不同的影响，需要通过 更新了基于移动设备的被动传感等方法。这项建议的具体目标是：目标1) 考察情绪调节(高情绪反应性和强度)和 媒体使用持续时间和用于镇静目的的使用；目的2)检查 执行功能缺陷(低抑制性控制，低涌现元认知)和媒体使用时间，快速 在应用程序和较低质量的媒体内容之间切换；以及目标3)检查关联的调停者 媒体使用与情绪调节或执行功能之间的关系；具体地说，减少亲子活动和 更少的非数字播放，分别。这项研究将招募400名3-4.99岁儿童的父母来完成三项 一波又一波的在线调查，包括儿童情绪调节的标准化措施(儿童行为 核对表和罗斯巴特儿童行为问卷-非常简短)，执行职能(简要- 每一次数据收集浪潮中的媒体使用和儿童活动的时间日记。此外, 将通过基于移动设备的被动创新方法来衡量儿童移动设备的使用情况 传感，通过安装在家庭智能手机和平板电脑上的应用程序，将每天 每次数据采集波持续1周的APP切换时长、切换频次、子代APP使用内容。 将使用结构方程模型来检验儿童之间的并发和交叉滞后关联 在6个月的数据收集期间，情绪调节、执行功能和媒体使用。这项研究将 填补儿童早期媒体使用以及发展和行为结果方面的关键知识空白 这可以转化为临床实践指南，针对过度使用媒体的儿童的干预措施，以及 改进了儿童数码设计。

PROJECT SUMMARY Prior research has found associations between early childhood emotion regulation, executive functioning, and excessive or low-quality media use. However, these studies have been limited in that they only examine television and videos – not increasingly prevalent mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets – and that they assume a unidirectional relationship between media use and child development. Informed by the transactional nature of child development (i.e., Sameroff, 1975), this study aims to examine bidirectional, longitudinal associations between emotion regulation, executive functioning, and several aspects of child media use relevant to how children use modern mobile and interactive technologies. Particularly because mobile devices can be taken anywhere throughout a child's day and provide more short bursts of gamified play experiences, they may have a qualitatively different effect on child outcomes and need to be examined through updated methods such as mobile device-based passive sensing. This proposal's Specific Aims are to: Aim 1) Examine cross-lagged associations between emotion regulation (high emotional reactivity and intensity) and media use duration and use for calming purposes; Aim 2) Examine cross-lagged associations between executive function deficits (low inhibitory control, low emergent metacognition) and media use duration, rapid switching between apps, and lower-quality media content; and Aim 3) Examine mediators of the associations between media use and emotion regulation or executive function; specifically fewer parent-child activities and less non-digital play, respectively. The study will recruit 400 parents of children aged 3-4.99 to complete three waves of online surveys, including standardized measures of child emotion regulation (Child Behavior Checklist and the Rothbart Child Behavior Questionnaire – Very Short Form), executive functioning (BRIEF – Preschool Scale), and time diaries of media use and child activities at each data collection wave. In addition, child mobile device use will be measured through the innovative approach of mobile device-based passive sensing, which, through an application installed on family smartphones and tablets, will quantify the daily duration, frequency of app switching, and content of child app usage for 1 week at each data collection wave. Structural equation modeling will be used to examine concurrent and cross-lagged associations between child emotion regulation, executive functioning, and media use over the 6 months of data collection. This study will fill critical gaps in knowledge about early childhood media use and developmental and behavioral outcomes that can be translated into clinical practice guidelines, interventions for children with excessive media use, and improved digital design for children.