Longitudinal associations between preschooler emotion regulation, executive function, and digital media use.

项目摘要 先前的研究已经发现，幼儿期情绪调节、执行功能和 过度或低质量的媒体使用。然而，这些研究的局限性在于，它们只检查 电视和视频-而不是日益流行的移动的设备，如智能手机和平板电脑-以及 他们假定媒体使用与儿童发展之间存在单向关系。通知 儿童发展的交易性质（即，Sameroff，1975），这项研究旨在研究双向， 情绪调节、执行功能和儿童的几个方面之间的纵向联系 媒体使用与儿童如何使用现代移动的和互动技术有关。特别是因为 移动的设备可以在孩子的一天中带到任何地方，并提供更短的游戏化游戏 经验，它们可能对儿童的结果产生质的不同影响，需要通过以下方式进行审查： 更新的方法，例如基于移动的设备的被动感测。本建议的具体目标是：目标1） 检查情绪调节（高情绪反应性和强度）与 媒体使用持续时间和用于镇静目的;目的2）检查 执行功能缺陷（低抑制控制，低涌现元认知）和媒体使用持续时间，快速 在应用程序和低质量媒体内容之间切换;以及目标3）检查关联的中介 媒体使用与情绪调节或执行功能之间的关系;特别是更少的亲子活动， 非数字播放器分别减少。这项研究将招募400名3-4.99岁儿童的父母， 一波又一波的在线调查，包括儿童情绪调节的标准化测量（儿童行为 检查表和Rothbart儿童行为问卷-非常简表），执行功能（BRIEF - 学龄前量表），以及媒体使用和儿童活动在每个数据收集波的时间日记。此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 儿童移动终端的使用将通过创新的方法来衡量，即基于移动的设备的被动 通过安装在家庭智能手机和平板电脑上的应用程序， 在每个数据收集波中，持续时间、应用切换频率和儿童应用使用的内容为1周。 结构方程模型将被用来检查儿童之间的并发和交叉滞后的关联 情绪调节、执行功能和媒体使用超过6个月的数据收集。本研究将 填补有关幼儿媒体使用以及发展和行为结果的知识空白 这可以转化为临床实践指南，对过度使用媒体的儿童进行干预， 为儿童设计更好的数码产品。

PROJECT SUMMARY Prior research has found associations between early childhood emotion regulation, executive functioning, and excessive or low-quality media use. However, these studies have been limited in that they only examine television and videos – not increasingly prevalent mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets – and that they assume a unidirectional relationship between media use and child development. Informed by the transactional nature of child development (i.e., Sameroff, 1975), this study aims to examine bidirectional, longitudinal associations between emotion regulation, executive functioning, and several aspects of child media use relevant to how children use modern mobile and interactive technologies. Particularly because mobile devices can be taken anywhere throughout a child's day and provide more short bursts of gamified play experiences, they may have a qualitatively different effect on child outcomes and need to be examined through updated methods such as mobile device-based passive sensing. This proposal's Specific Aims are to: Aim 1) Examine cross-lagged associations between emotion regulation (high emotional reactivity and intensity) and media use duration and use for calming purposes; Aim 2) Examine cross-lagged associations between executive function deficits (low inhibitory control, low emergent metacognition) and media use duration, rapid switching between apps, and lower-quality media content; and Aim 3) Examine mediators of the associations between media use and emotion regulation or executive function; specifically fewer parent-child activities and less non-digital play, respectively. The study will recruit 400 parents of children aged 3-4.99 to complete three waves of online surveys, including standardized measures of child emotion regulation (Child Behavior Checklist and the Rothbart Child Behavior Questionnaire – Very Short Form), executive functioning (BRIEF – Preschool Scale), and time diaries of media use and child activities at each data collection wave. In addition, child mobile device use will be measured through the innovative approach of mobile device-based passive sensing, which, through an application installed on family smartphones and tablets, will quantify the daily duration, frequency of app switching, and content of child app usage for 1 week at each data collection wave. Structural equation modeling will be used to examine concurrent and cross-lagged associations between child emotion regulation, executive functioning, and media use over the 6 months of data collection. This study will fill critical gaps in knowledge about early childhood media use and developmental and behavioral outcomes that can be translated into clinical practice guidelines, interventions for children with excessive media use, and improved digital design for children.