权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Improving the efficiency of randomized trials of behavioral interventions for acute and chronic respiratory failure

提高急慢性呼吸衰竭行为干预随机试验的效率

基本信息

批准号：
10219347
负责人：
Scott D Halpern
金额：
$ 11.86万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-07-05 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10219347
关键词：
Accounting Acute Acute respiratory failure Adherence Adult Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome Advance Directives Affect American Award Behavior Therapy Caring Chronic Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease Chronic lung disease Clinical Clinical Trials Collaborations Critical Care Data Data Analyses Detection Development Doctor of Philosophy Effectiveness Effectiveness of Interventions Electronic Health Record Enrollment Ethics Evaluation Faculty Feedback Future Goals Grant Guidelines Health Healthcare Systems Heterogeneity Hospitals Human Impairment Incentives Incidence Intervention Knowledge Lead Leadership Learning Lung Lung diseases Machine Learning Measurable Measurement Measures Mechanical ventilation Medicine Mentors Mentorship Methods Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research Modeling Modernization Natural Language Processing Outcome Patient-Focused Outcomes Patients Physicians Play Postdoctoral Fellow Prevention Principal Investigator Quality of life Randomized Randomized Clinical Trials Records Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Respiratory Failure Role Scientist Services Smoke Smoker Structure Techniques Testing Time Training Training Programs Translating Vision Visit Work arm behavior change behavior test behavioral clinical trial behavioral economics behavioral phenotyping career clinical infrastructure clinical trial enrollment comparative efficacy cost design discrete data effectiveness evaluation financial incentive high risk improved improved outcome innovation intervention effect meetings mortality risk next generation novel therapeutics palliative patient oriented patient oriented research personalized approach prevent professor programs randomized trial skills smoking cessation student mentoring treatment effect trial comparing uptake ventilation

项目摘要

The goal of this Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research is to enhance the ability of Dr. Scott Halpern to mentor students, residents, post-doctoral fellows, and junior faculty in developing and testing behavioral economic interventions to prevent and improve outcomes following, acute and chronic respiratory failure. Patients with many forms of acute and chronic respiratory failure, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively, are at high risk of death and suffer considerable short- and long-term impairments in quality of life and functioning. Behavioral interventions, including those informed by behavioral economic principles, hold great promise for preventing these conditions and improving outcomes. Yet the knowledge produced by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of such interventions is limited due to impediments to patient accrual, patient-centered outcomes ascertainment, and the abilities of traditional analyses to determine which interventions work best for which patients. By leveraging the conceptual models, research infrastructures, and data collected in 5 of Dr. Halpern's ongoing or recently completed RCTs including 40,000 patients, Dr. Halpern and his mentees will develop and test ways to surmount each of these three barriers to producing greater knowledge on how to prevent and treat acute and chronic respiratory failure. First, they will conduct randomized trials of “nudges” to improve enrollment and retention in real RCTs. Second, they will learn and apply state-of-the-art natural language processing and machine learning techniques to enhance the ability to extract patient-centered outcomes from electronic health records, thereby identifying more efficient methods for outcome ascertainment in large, pragmatic RCTs. Third, they will learn and apply modern methods in causal inference and the detection of heterogeneous treatment effects to better understand how effective behavioral interventions are overall, how efficacious they would be if more patients adhered to them, and which interventions work best for which patients. These scientific aims will be completed within the context of a structured training program designed to improve Dr. Halpern's skills in mentoring junior patient-oriented researchers. Dr. Halpern has already successfully mentored more than two dozen patient-oriented researchers. However, by enabling him to reduce his clinical and administrative commitments, this award will increase the time he commits to mentoring, and will improve his mentoring skills by supporting didactic training in influence and leadership and “mentor-the-mentor” meetings with more senior mentors. The award will also enable him to develop a “Junior Faculty Visiting Professor Program in Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine,” thereby enhancing opportunities for his and other established investigators' mentees to network with other leaders in the field, receive external feedback and mentorship, and gain the confidence that comes with speaking to less familiar audiences.

这个面向患者的研究的中期研究者奖的目标是提高医生的能力。