Bioengineered Skin Sealants

摘要 软组织的有效接近、修复和愈合是创伤和大多数情况下的重大挑战 需要快速、液密密封真皮组织，这有助于组织生物力学特性的快速恢复 并抵抗感染。缝合线和U形钉很常用，但不会立即密封，导致 严重的组织创伤，容易感染，留下特征性疤痕和/或美观不佳， 尤其是在可见区域。胶水，包括氰基丙烯酸酯和纤维蛋白，通常会导致生物力学性能较差 回收率，应用起来可能很麻烦，和/或遭受配方依赖性毒性，这限制了它们 仅适用于人类的表面使用。使用非电离光的激光激活纳米胶（LANG）， 与组织结合，快速提供密封，使软组织更好地恢复生物力学， 并证明更好的美容效果是真皮密封和修复的有吸引力的替代方案。功效 LANG，使用丝蛋白和近红外光吸收纳米粒子（例如金纳米棒）配制而成，或 将研究染料（例如吲哚菁绿）用于密封活体动物的全层伤口。 将进行生物力学和生化表征，以研究功效和 与缝合线和传统胶水相比，LANG 的生物相容性； LANG 与缝合线的组合 还将作为增强功效的组合方法进行研究。在恢复的早期阶段，密封 组织脆弱且愈合缓慢可能导致手术部位感染等并发症。小分子 蛋白质疗法将与 LANG 一起配制，以加速真皮的闭合和修复 切伤，尤其是在早期。 LANG 密封和其他近似方法（例如 缝合线）将使用伤口部位的高光谱和光声成像进行可视化，并且 使用数字图像相关性可视化的组织应变的异质性将作为以下指标进行研究： 潜在的疤痕。因此，将使用 LANG 促进的组织封闭生成全面的图片 成像、生物力学和生化分析的结合。伤口感染影响多达 50 万人的生命 每年，与未感染的患者相比，与更高的死亡风险相关。 LANG 将是 采用抗菌药物配制，以同时密封伤口、加速修复和 对抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 (MRSA)，这是社区医院最常见的病原体。 我们的研究将带来新颖的多功能 LANG，这些 LANG 具有密封、输送的高效能 用于加速闭合和早期修复以及对抗感染的药物。我们预计 LANG 将 特别是在需要快速真皮密封和加速修复的应用中，缝合线和 钉书钉的功效有限，感染控制至关重要和/或需要改善美容效果 性能。

Abstract Effective approximation, repair, and healing of soft tissues is a significant challenge in trauma and most cases require rapid, liquid-tight sealing of dermal tissue, which aids fast recovery of tissue biomechanical properties and resists infections. Sutures and staples are commonly used but do not lead to immediate sealing, cause significant tissue trauma, are prone to infection, leave characteristic scars and / or suffer from poor cosmesis, especially in visible areas. Glues, including cyanoacrylate and fibrin, typically result in poor biomechanical recoveries, can be cumbersome to apply, and / or suffer from formulation-dependent toxicities, which limits their application only to superficial use in humans. Laser-activated nanoglues (LANGs) that use non-ionizing light, integrate with tissue to rapidly provide a flight-tight seal, result in better biomechanical recoveries of soft tissues, and demonstrate better cosmesis profiles are attractive alternatives for dermal sealing and repair. The efficacy of LANGs, formulated using silk protein and near infrared light-absorbing nanoparticles (e.g. gold nanorods) or dyes (e.g. indocyanine green), will be investigated for sealing full thickness wounds in live animals. Biomechanical and biochemical characterization will be carried out in order to investigate the efficacy and biocompatibility of LANGs compared to sutures and conventional glues; a combination of LANGs with sutures will also be investigated as a combination approach for enhanced efficacy. In early stages of recovery, sealed tissue is vulnerable and slow healing can lead to complications including surgical-site infections. Small-molecule and protein therapeutics will be formulated with LANGs in order to accelerate closure and repair of dermal incisional wounds particularly at earlier times. Efficacy of LANG sealing and other approximation methods (e.g. sutures) will be visualized using hyperspectral and photoacoustic imaging of the wound site, and the heterogeneity of tissue strain, visualized using digital image correlation, will be investigated as an indicator of potential scarring. A comprehensive picture of LANG-facilitated tissue sealing will thus be generated using a combination of imaging, biomechanical, and biochemical analyses. Wound infections affect up to 500,000 lives each year, and are associated with a greater risk of death compared to patients without infection. LANGs will be formulated with antibacterial drugs in order to simultaneously seal wounds, engender accelerated repair and combat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), which is the most common pathogen in community hospitals. Our research will lead to novel, multifunctional LANGs that demonstrate high efficacy for sealing, delivery of drugs for accelerating closure and early-stage repair, and combat infections. We anticipate that LANGs will be translated particularly in applications where rapid dermal sealing and accelerated repair are desired, sutures and staples have limited efficacy, infection control is critical and / or where there is a need for improved cosmesis performance.