The Statistics of Infant First-Person Visual Experience

项目概要/摘要： 在出生后的第一年，人类的敏感性显着发展的基本特征，所有更高的- 水平视觉取决于：对比度，空间尺度，边缘方向，色彩内容。众所周知， 发育高度依赖于视觉体验，因为体验的中断具有显著的， 在某些情况下，视觉从感觉到认知的永久性后果。该领域没有， 然而，一个典型的婴儿视觉经验的低层次特征统计的经验表征。这 差距是至关重要的，因为新兴的研究更高层次的内容表明，这些统计性质的变化， 发展，并依赖于婴儿自己不断变化的内部视觉偏见和行为（眼睛 动作、头部动作、其他身体动作）。这些因素在选择和 组织投射到眼睛的图像的空间结构。该项目将收集和分析第一个- 200名2-3、5-6、8-9和11-12个月大的婴儿（各50名）的个人视觉体验，加上 20名婴儿在所有这些年龄段进行了测试。核心假设是，统计数据在一个 在婴儿的日常生活中，发育一致的顺序。这些经验是由婴儿收集的 在家里戴上几个小时的头部摄像机，在实验室里精确测量眼睛和头部的运动。 分析将量化所收集图像中基本低级特征的空间组织， 年龄、姿势、活动和具体内容的作用。该项目还将描述以下因素的影响： 屈光不正和前端视觉不成熟的图像。这项研究将确定婴儿的 行为通过分析输入中的运动模式来影响输入中的视觉特征的空间组织。 在家里的头部摄像机图像和通过直接测量眼睛和头部运动模式在实验室。 这项研究将提供第一个表征婴儿经验的自然视觉统计数据， 出生后一年，预计将揭示特定的发展风险点，在这些预期的视觉统计。

Project Summary/Abstract: In the first year after birth, human sensitivity develops markedly to the fundamental features on which all higher- level vision depends: contrast, spatial scale, edge orientations, chromatic content. It is well known that this development is highly dependent on visual experience because disruptions in experience have significant and, in some cases, permanent consequences for vision from sensation to cognition. The field does not have, however, an empirical characterization of the low-level feature statistics of typical infant visual experience. This gap is critical because emerging studies of higher-level content indicate these statistical properties change with development and are dependent on the infant’s own changing internal visual biases and behaviors (eye movements, head movements, other body movements). These factors play a direct role in selecting and organizing the spatial structure of images projected to the eye. This project will collect and analyze the first- person visual experiences of 200 infants (50 each) at 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, and 11-12 months of age, plus a sample of 20 infants tested at all of those ages. The core hypothesis is that the statistics change systematically in a developmentally consistent sequence in the everyday lives of infants. The experiences are collected by infant head cameras worn for hours in the home and precision measures of eye and head movements in the laboratory. Analyses will quantify the spatial organization of fundamental low-level features in the collected images as a function of age, posture, activity, and specific contents. The project will also characterize the influence of refractive error and front-end visual immaturities on the images. The research will determine how infants’ behaviors influence the spatial organization of visual features in the input by analyzing the motion patterns in the at-home head-camera images and through direct measures of eye and head motion patterns in the laboratory. The research will provide the first characterization of the natural visual statistics of infant experience in the first year after birth and is expected to reveal specific developmental risk-points in those expected visual statistics.