The Statistics of Infant First-Person Visual Experience

婴儿第一人称视觉体验统计

• 批准号: 10488270
• 负责人: LINDA B. SMITH
• 金额: $ 47.31万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-30 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10488270
• 关键词: Achievement; Age; Age-Months; Anisometropia; Behavior; Behavior Control; Behavior Therapy; Birth; Cataract; Characteristics; Child Development; Cognition; Cognitive; Color; Development; Educational Curriculum; Esthesia; Eye; Eye Movements; Face; Frequencies; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Head; Head Movements; Health; Home; Hour; Human; Image; Infant; Infant Behavior; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Life; Link; Literature; Measures; Motion; Motor; Movement; Outcome; Pattern; Persons; Play; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Property; Ptosis; Public Health; Refractive Errors; Research; Retina; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Semantics; Series; Strabismus; Structure; Testing; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual impairment; Visual system structure; Work; base; behavior change; behavior influence; developmental disease; early experience; experience; falls; gaze; infancy; interest; large datasets; motion sensor; novel; novel diagnostics; preference; statistics; vision development; visual information; visual learning; visual motor; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract: In the first year after birth, human sensitivity develops markedly to the fundamental features on which all higher- level vision depends: contrast, spatial scale, edge orientations, chromatic content. It is well known that this development is highly dependent on visual experience because disruptions in experience have significant and, in some cases, permanent consequences for vision from sensation to cognition. The field does not have, however, an empirical characterization of the low-level feature statistics of typical infant visual experience. This gap is critical because emerging studies of higher-level content indicate these statistical properties change with development and are dependent on the infant’s own changing internal visual biases and behaviors (eye movements, head movements, other body movements). These factors play a direct role in selecting and organizing the spatial structure of images projected to the eye. This project will collect and analyze the first- person visual experiences of 200 infants (50 each) at 2-3, 5-6, 8-9, and 11-12 months of age, plus a sample of 20 infants tested at all of those ages. The core hypothesis is that the statistics change systematically in a developmentally consistent sequence in the everyday lives of infants. The experiences are collected by infant head cameras worn for hours in the home and precision measures of eye and head movements in the laboratory. Analyses will quantify the spatial organization of fundamental low-level features in the collected images as a function of age, posture, activity, and specific contents. The project will also characterize the influence of refractive error and front-end visual immaturities on the images. The research will determine how infants’ behaviors influence the spatial organization of visual features in the input by analyzing the motion patterns in the at-home head-camera images and through direct measures of eye and head motion patterns in the laboratory. The research will provide the first characterization of the natural visual statistics of infant experience in the first year after birth and is expected to reveal specific developmental risk-points in those expected visual statistics.

项目摘要/摘要： 在出生后的第一年，人类的敏感度显著发展到基本特征，在这些特征上所有人都更高- 水平视觉取决于：对比度、空间比例、边缘方向、色度内容。众所周知，这一点 发展高度依赖视觉体验，因为体验的中断具有显著的和， 在某些情况下，视觉从感觉到认知的永久性后果。这个领域没有， 然而，对典型婴幼儿视觉体验的低水平特征统计进行了实证表征。这 GAP至关重要，因为对更高级别内容的新兴研究表明，这些统计属性随着 并依赖于婴儿自身不断变化的内部视觉偏向和行为(眼睛 运动、头部运动、其他身体运动)。这些因素直接作用于选择和 组织投射到眼睛上的图像的空间结构。本项目将收集和分析第一个- 200名婴儿(各50名)在2-3、5-6、8-9和11-12个月大时的个人视觉体验，外加 20名婴儿在所有这些年龄段都接受了测试。核心假设是统计数据在一个 婴儿日常生活中发育一致的顺序。这些经验是由婴儿收集的 在家里佩戴数小时的头部摄像头，以及在实验室精确测量眼睛和头部的运动。 分析将量化采集图像中基本低级要素的空间组织 年龄、姿势、活动和特定内容的作用。该项目还将表征 图像的屈光不正和前端视觉不成熟。这项研究将确定婴儿的 行为通过分析输入中的运动模式来影响输入中视觉要素的空间组织 通过在实验室中直接测量眼睛和头部运动模式，可以在家中获取头部摄像头的图像。 这项研究将首次对婴儿经历的自然视觉统计数据进行表征 在出生后一年，预计将在这些预期的视觉统计数据中揭示具体的发育风险点。