HIV Risk Among Young Women Workers in the Industrial Zone in Vietnam

项目摘要 在过去的三十年里，低收入和中等收入国家的工业区(IZs)迅速 随着全球企业在服装和其他产品的生产中寻求最低单位成本，企业规模不断扩大 针对高收入国家市场。在全球范围内，低技能的农村年轻妇女占智能劳动大军的60%至90%。 对于这些农村的年轻女性来说，成年是在长时间艰苦工作的背景下发生的， 居住在破旧和拥挤的住房和城市边缘社区，那里的男人 既是暂时或永久逃离监狱生活的一种手段，也是经济来源， 身体和性方面的风险。这些风险中包括感染艾滋病毒；南亚和东南亚的研究表明， 数据显示，移民中的艾滋病毒流行率是非移民的10-12倍。的研究人群 该项目是越南河内一家工厂的青年女工，劳动力60万人，其中70% 都是女人。这些未婚女性尤其容易受到艾滋病毒传播风险的影响 工作中的男性主管和男性同事，男性房东和店主以及社区中的男性 寻求他们的可支配收入和性服务。这些风险发生在性别不平等的背景下， 社会支持、父权规范、工作不安全感和对安全性行为的有限了解。已经很少有 对越南工业工人中艾滋病毒风险的研究，结果是，他们仍然是一个未解决的风险群体。这 R21应用程序旨在调查艾滋病毒流行率和风险，并产生可作为基础的结果 减少工业园区年轻女工感染艾滋病毒的风险。这项拟议的勘探项目的具体目标 是：1)利用关键线人进行定性数据收集和深入访谈，以了解妇女的 适应《教育标准》，并开发一种文化相关的调查工具，供年轻妇女使用 在实验室工作；2)通过快速艾滋病毒检测估计年轻女性实验室工作人员中艾滋病毒的流行率 和调查管理，以确定知识、态度和行为的艾滋病毒危险因素；3)评估 与血清状态相关的因素包括内部资源、社会网络构成、风险特征、 以及住宅和社区的性暴力和耻辱。该项目将由一个跨学科的 以及由经验丰富的越南和美国研究人员组成的国际团队。工业区已经成为 几乎是所有LMIC的主要组成部分，是全球公司和高收入者生产的主要组成部分 经济。这项研究的结果有助于降低越南女工感染艾滋病毒的风险 以及其他国家的IZ工作者通过经验产生的结果，这些结果可以形成 确定可作为有效干预目标的艾滋病毒和艾滋病毒风险的促成因素。

Project Abstract Over the last three decades, the industrial zones (IZs) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) have rapidly expanded as global corporations search for the lowest unit cost in production of garments and other products for high-income country markets. Globally, low skilled rural young women constitute 60-90% of the IZ workforce. For these rural, young women, emerging adulthood takes place in the context of long hours of difficult work, residence in deteriorated and crowded housing and in communities on the periphery of cities, where men represent both a means of temporary or permanent escape from life in the IZ, as well as a source of economic, physical and sexual risk. Among these risks is contracting HIV; studies in South and Southeast Asia, have shown that HIV prevalence is 10-12 times greater among migrants than non-migrants. The study population for this project are young women workers in an IZ in Hanoi, Vietnam with a workforce of 600,000, of which 70% are women. These unmarried women are particularly vulnerable to risk of HIV transmission as they deal with male supervisors and male peers at work, male landlords and shopkeepers and men in the community who seek their disposable income and sexual availability. These risks occur in a context of gender inequality, limited social supports, patriarchal norms, job insecurity and limited knowledge about safe sex. There have been few studies of HIV risk among IZ workers in Vietnam and as a result, they remain an unaddressed risk group. This R21 application seeks to investigate HIV prevalence and risk and generate results that can be the basis for reducing HIV risk among young women workers in the IZ. The specific aims of this proposed exploratory project are to: 1) Conduct qualitative data collection using key informant and in-depth interviews to understand women's adaptations to the IZ and to develop a culturally relevant survey instrument administered to young women working in the IZ; 2) Estimate the prevalence of HIV among young women IZ workers through rapid HIV testing and survey administration to determine knowledge, attitude and behavioral HIV risk factors; 3) Assess the factors associated with serostatus including internal resources, social network composition, risk characteristics, and residential and community sexual violence and stigma. The project will be conducted by an interdisciplinary and international team of experienced Vietnamese and US researchers. Industrial zones have become a part of almost all LMICs and are a major component of production for global corporations and high-income economies. The results of this research can contribute to reducing HIV risk among women workers in Vietnam as well as IZ workers in other countries through empirically-generated results that can form the basis for identifying contributory factors to HIV and HIV risk that can be the targets of effective interventions.