Antecedents of Adult Physical Health and Cognitive Risks for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in Adolescent Family Experiences: A Prospective, Longitudinal Adoption Study

摘要 与肥胖相关的身体和认知健康下降是紧迫的公共卫生问题。发育科学 研究表明，成年人身体和认知健康的变化与个人的早期 在他们的起源家庭的经验。风险家庭，其特点是冲突更大，质量更低 养育子女，往往会破坏心理社会和生物功能，导致疾病风险增加， 包括阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）。孩子们得到的温暖、支持和 来自父母的反应通常具有更高的炎症水平、血压和非稳态负荷， 预测未来心血管问题的指标。这些途径也与中年改变有关 认知功能，并赋予阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）的风险。本项目以 这是一个无与伦比的机会，可以进一步推动关于家庭意义的这一重要工作。 通过对兄弟姐妹的中年进行随访， 互动和行为研究（SIBS）。SIBS是对409例收养和208例非收养儿童的纵向研究 家庭这些家庭的后代已经完成了摄入（在青春期中期），三个如下： 上评估。在SIBS的第一次评估中，已经对亲子互动的直接观察进行了编码， 以及亲子关系质量的父母报告和儿童报告。的 在采用队列的关键发展阶段，这些关系数据的可用性提供了强有力的 添加目标受试者/年轻一代（YG; M年龄= 38岁）随访数据的平台 和他们的父母/老一代（OG; M年龄= 71岁）。我们的首要目标是调查 青少年时期的家庭经历可以预测收养儿童和未成年人成年后健康的关键指标， 非收养的成年人和他们年迈的父母。该项目的具体目标包括： 青少年家庭经历对成年后身体健康和认知功能的纵向影响 儿童（YG）和他们年迈的父母（OG）;目标2：模拟青少年家庭的环境影响 目标3：（a）测试家庭对以后身体健康和认知功能的影响 经验延伸到身体健康的微妙指标;（B;探索性），并由APOE状态调节。

ABSTRACT Age-related decline in physical and cognitive health are pressing public health concerns. Developmental science shows that variation in adult physical and cognitive health is reliably associated with individuals’ early experiences in their families of origin. Risky families, characterized by greater conflict and lower-quality parenting, tend to disrupt psychosocial and biological functioning, resulting in increased risk for diseases, including Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Children who receive less warmth, support, and responsiveness from their parents typically have higher inflammation levels, blood pressure, and allostatic load, indicators that predict future cardiovascular problems. These pathways are also implicated in altered midlife cognitive functioning and confer risk for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). This project takes advantage of an unparalleled opportunity to further this important line of work on the significance of family experiences in adolescence for health outcomes in adulthood by conducting a follow-up into midlife of the Sibling Interaction and Behavior Study (SIBS). SIBS is a longitudinal study of 409 adoptive and 208 non-adoptive families. The offspring in these families have already completed intake (in mid-adolescence), and three follow- up assessments. In the first assessment of SIBS, already coded direct observations of parent-child interactions, as well as parent-reports and child-reports of the quality of the parent-child relationship, were acquired. The availability of these relationship data at a key developmental phase in an adoption cohort provides a strong platform for the addition of follow-up data on the target participants/younger generation (YG; M age = 38 years) and their parents/older generation (OG; M age = 71 years). Our overarching objective is to investigate the degree to which family experiences in adolescence predict key indicators of health in adulthood among adoptive and non-adoptive adults and their aging parents. Specific aims of this project include: AIM 1: Determine the longitudinal effect of adolescent family experiences on later physical health and cognitive functioning in adult children (YG) and their aging parents (OG); AIM 2: Model the environmental impact of adolescent family experiences on later physical health and cognitive functioning; AIM 3: (a) Test whether the effects of family experiences extend to subtle indicators of physical health; (b; exploratory) and are moderated by APOE status.