Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage on Adolescent Cortisol Reactivity and Mental Health

邻里劣势对青少年皮质醇反应和心理健康的影响

• 批准号: 10315842
• 负责人: Mallory Leigh Garnett
• 金额: $ 4.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10315842
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Adverse event; Age; Anxiety Disorders; Biological Assay; Censuses; Child; Child Behavior Checklist; Child Development; Clinical; Code; Communities; Conduct Disorder; Coupled; Crime; Dangerousness; Delaware; Development; Disadvantaged; Disease; Environmental Risk Factor; Equipment and supply inventories; Exhibits; Exposure to; Funding; Hydrocortisone; Link; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mentorship; Methods; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Neighborhoods; Neurobiology; Outcome; Parents; Physiological Processes; Poverty; Preparation; Prevention; Problem behavior; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Public Policy; Regression Analysis; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Priority; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Sampling; Scientist; Stress; Symptoms; Training; Trier Social Stress Test; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Violence; Youth; acute stress; boys; career; girls; high risk; improved; neighborhood disadvantage; novel; peer; prevent; professor; psychosocial adjustment; research and development; research study; response; saliva sample; sex; social; social observations; statistics; stress reactivity; teenage parents; theories; therapy development; urban area

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Millions of children in the United States are living in high-poverty neighborhoods, where they are at risk for exposure to higher rates of crime, violence and neighborhood-level disorder than peers living in more affluent neighborhoods (Friedson & Sharkey, 2015). These disadvantageous neighborhood conditions predict depression, anxiety and conduct disorder in adolescents (Aneshensel & Sucoff, 1996), but it is unclear exactly how neighborhood disadvantage confers risk for these mental health outcomes. Cortisol reactivity to acute stress is a candidate mechanism, given that cortisol reactivity is thought to be a link between adverse experiences and psychopathology (Koss & Gunnar, 2018). However, little is known about the degree to which neighborhood disadvantage influences adolescent cortisol reactivity. The proposed study has 3 aims: 1) examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cortisol reactivity; 2) identify potential moderators of this association; and 3) investigate cortisol reactivity as a mediator of the association between neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent mental health. At age 13, neighborhood-level disadvantage (i.e., dangerousness, physical decay and disorder) will be coded using a novel social observation protocol, the Systematic Social Observation Inventory-Tallying Observations in Urban Regions (SSO i-Tour). Adolescents will also complete the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C), a social-evaluative task that reliably evokes a cortisol response (Buske-Kirschbaum et al., 1997). Saliva samples will be collected during the TSST- C and assayed for cortisol concentration. Adolescents will also report on the quality of their relationship with their parent using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R, Gullone & Robinson, 2005). At age 14, parents will report on adolescent mental health symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Multivariate regression analysis will be used to examine the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cortisol reactivity, as well as explore moderators (i.e., adolescent sex and relationship quality) of this association. Last, mediation analysis will be employed to examine whether cortisol reactivity mediates the association between neighborhood disadvantage and mental health symptoms. This study aligns with NICHD research priorities due to the examination environmental factors that impact youth stress reactivity and psychosocial adjustment in high-risk contexts. Findings stand to inform the development of interventions to prevent and ameliorate the effects of neighborhood disadvantage on youth mental health by identifying factors that can serve as novel treatment targets. In conjunction with the proposed training plan, this project will provide the applicant with mentorship and training from experts in the fields of neighborhood research, statistics, adolescent development and cortisol regulation. This mentorship, coupled with resources provided by the University of Delaware and the primary sponsor, Dr. Mary Dozier, will prepare the applicant for a career as a clinical scientist studying the effects of adversity on child development.

项目摘要/摘要 数以百万计的美国儿童生活在高度贫困的社区，在那里他们面临着 与生活在更富裕地区的同龄人相比，接触到更高的犯罪率、暴力和邻里层面的混乱 《社区》(Friedson&Sharkey，2015)。这些不利的邻里条件预示着 青少年中的抑郁、焦虑和行为障碍(Aneshensel&Sucoff，1996)，但具体情况尚不清楚 社区劣势是如何为这些心理健康结果带来风险的。皮质醇反应性急性 压力是一种候选机制，因为皮质醇的反应性被认为是不利的 经验和精神病理学(Koss&Gunnar，2018)。然而，人们对此知之甚少。 邻里劣势影响青少年皮质醇反应性。建议的研究有3个目标：1) 检查社区劣势和皮质醇反应性之间的关联；2)确定潜在的 这种关联的调节者；以及3)调查皮质醇反应性作为这种关联的中介 邻里劣势与青少年心理健康。在13岁时，邻里层面的劣势(即， 危险、身体腐烂和无序)将使用一种新的社会观察协议进行编码 系统社会观察--城市地区的统计观察(SSO I-Tour)。青少年 还将完成Trier儿童社会压力测试(TSST-C)，这是一项可靠的社会评估任务 引起皮质醇反应(Buske-Kirschbaum等人，1997年)。唾液样本将在TSST期间采集- C，并测定皮质醇浓度。青少年还将报告他们与他人的关系质量 他们的父母使用父母和同伴依恋清单--修订版(IPPA-R，Gullone&Robinson，2005)。 在14岁时，父母将使用儿童行为检查表报告青少年的心理健康症状 (CBCL；Achenbach&Rescorla，2001)。将使用多元回归分析来检验两者之间的关联 社区劣势和皮质醇反应性之间的关系，以及探索调节因素(即青春期性别 和关系质量)。最后，将使用调解分析来检查是否 皮质醇反应性在邻里劣势和心理健康症状之间的联系中起中介作用。 由于考试环境因素的影响，这项研究与NICHD的研究重点一致 青年在高危环境中的应激反应和心理社会适应。调查结果将告知 制定干预措施，预防和改善邻里不利对青年的影响 通过确定可作为新的治疗目标的因素，促进精神健康。与建议的 培训计划，该项目将为申请者提供来自以下领域专家的指导和培训 社区研究、统计、青少年发展和皮质醇调节。这种导师关系，再加上 由特拉华大学和主要赞助商Mary Dozier博士提供的资源将为 申请成为研究逆境对儿童发展影响的临床科学家的申请者。